Explicit consideration of geomaterial uncertainties in the load resistance factor design of piles driven into rock-based intermediate geomaterials

The study presents a method for estimating the end bearing of piles driven into rock-based intermediate geomaterials (IGMs). Existing design methods, rooted in soil mechanics, often fall short when applied to IGMs. Moreover, the geomaterial (geological and ground properties) uncertainties are neglected and the piles are designed based on subsurface information from distant boreholes. To address this gap, the study introduces an approach that explicitly considers geomaterial uncertainties by combining empirical models and geostatistical simulation to predict end bearing. Using data from 87 piles driven into various rock-based IGMs with dynamic load testing as the construction control technique, this study introduces the Proposed Design Method (PDM) for the prediction of end bearing. PDM is compared to the Current Design Method (CDM), which is based on traditional soil-mechanics methods. Predictions from these methods are subsequently evaluated against the measured end bearings. The results demonstrate that while the PDM yields comparable predictions to the CDM, it offers a more robust consideration of geomaterial uncertainties. The PDM leads to an approximate 13.60% to 19.35% increase in uncertainties compared to CDM across various IGMs. These findings advance the understanding of pile behavior in the presence of geomaterial uncertainties and inherent variability.