枪支所有权与枪支暴力:美国与瑞士的比较

IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY
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引用次数: 0

摘要

美国以及国际上都有大量经验证据表明,国家层面的枪支拥有率与凶杀案和大规模枪击案的发生率呈正相关。由于瑞士似乎是一个例外,它的枪支拥有率很高,但凶杀率却很低,而且几乎没有大规模枪击事件发生,因此瑞士的情况经常被用作证据,证明枪支的可获得性并不是美国凶杀率和大规模枪击事件发生率高的原因。美国全国步枪协会经常以瑞士为例来论证没有必要制定更多的持枪规定,这也就不足为奇了。我们研究枪支暴力的心理学方法承认 "枪不杀人,人杀人 "的观点,同意枪支只是达到目的的手段--使用枪支进行谋杀或大规模枪击通常需要有开枪的意愿和意图。我们研究了这些国家之间可能导致杀人案和大规模枪击案不同的三大差异--即枪支法律、枪支文化和相关社会条件的差异。我们认为,在美国,枪支作为个人能力的象征发挥着更大的作用,美国人的男性观念面临着更大的挑战,最重要的是,美国大部分人口遭受着更严重的经济剥夺(即贫困),这些都是造成凶杀案和大规模枪击案发生率较高的合理原因。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gun ownership and gun violence: A comparison of the United States and Switzerland

There is a great deal of empirical evidence from the USA, but also internationally, that country-level gun ownership is positively associated with homicide and mass shooting rates. Because Switzerland appears to be an exception to this rule, having a high level of gun ownership but a very low homicide rate and practically no mass shootings, the Swiss situation is often used as evidence that firearm availability in the USA is not a cause of its high homicide and mass shooting rate. It is not surprising that the US National Rifle Association often points to Switzerland to argue that more rules on gun ownership are not necessary. Our psychological approach to gun violence acknowledges the sentiment that “guns don't kill people, people kill people”, by agreeing that guns are only means to an end – to use a gun for murder or a mass shooting usually requires a willingness to shoot, an intention. We examine three major differences between these countries that could contribute to the difference in homicides and mass shootings—namely, differences in gun laws, gun culture, and in relevant societal conditions. We argue that it is the greater role guns play as symbols of individual empowerment in the USA, the greater challenges facing American notions of masculinity and most importantly, the greater level of economic deprivation (i.e., poverty) suffered by large sections of the US population that are plausible causes of the higher rate of homicides and mass shootings.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
4.30%
发文量
63
期刊介绍: Aggression and Violent Behavior, A Review Journal is a multidisciplinary journal that publishes substantive and integrative reviews, as well as summary reports of innovative ongoing clinical research programs on a wide range of topics germane to the field of aggression and violent behavior. Papers encompass a large variety of issues, populations, and domains, including homicide (serial, spree, and mass murder: sexual homicide), sexual deviance and assault (rape, serial rape, child molestation, paraphilias), child and youth violence (firesetting, gang violence, juvenile sexual offending), family violence (child physical and sexual abuse, child neglect, incest, spouse and elder abuse), genetic predispositions, and the physiological basis of aggression.
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