动物发育和遗传研究与精神疾病神经生物学的相关性。

Psychiatric developments Pub Date : 1988-01-01
C F Zorumski
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引用次数: 0

摘要

心理生物学研究的主要目标是了解涉及精神疾病发病机制的神经和遗传机制。近年来,发育生物学、神经生物学和分子生物学的方法被用于研究动物行为的基础。先天或本能行为的例子,如在捕食者图像前畏缩,对腹部颜色的攻击性或繁殖性反应,在刺激触发后都有一个确定的时间过程。这些“模态行为模式”可能与更复杂的人类行为有相似之处,这些行为都是高度刻板的。许多明显的先天行为模式都有经验成分,例如,鸟类的印记或鸣叫发育。鸟类在决定鸣叫的端脑区方面存在性别差异。在关键的发育时期,眼睑缝合后枕皮质的眼优势柱发生改变的例子说明了“硬连线”神经元系统对经验因素的敏感性。也有基因决定行为表现的例子。在果蝇中,发现了一种突变体,它对乙醚麻醉的反应产生了过度活跃的运动。这种异常行为已被证明与与特定通道相关的异常钾电导有关。我们研究了白蛉鳃和虹吸管的缩回反射中学习的分子决定因素。短期学习与影响电压门控钾电导的特定激酶的变化有关,导致去极化延长,钙内流增强,进而导致神经递质释放增加。长期学习依赖于特定mrna的表达,而在关键时期使用蛋白质合成抑制剂会破坏长期记忆的发展。作者讨论了从这些例子传递到最终理解精神疾病的可行性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The relevance of developmental and genetic studies in animals to the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders.

The major goal of psychobiological research is to understand the neural and genetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. In recent years, developmental, neurobiological and molecular biological approaches have been used to investigate substrates of behavior in animals. Examples of innate or instinctual behavior, such as cowering before predator images, aggressive or reproductive responses to abdominal coloration, have in common a determined time course following triggering by stimulus. These 'modal action patterns' may have analogies with more complex human behaviors which are highly stereotyped. Many apparently innate behavior patterns have an experiential component, for example, imprinting or song development in birds. Birds are sexually differentiated as regards telencephalic regions which determine song. The example of alterations in occular dominance columns in the occipital cortex following eyelid suture at a critical development period illustrates the sensitivity of 'hard wired' neuronal systems to experiential factors. There are also examples of genetic determinants of behavioral expression. In Drosophila, a mutant has been discovered which develops hyperactive movement in response to exposure to ether anesthesia. This abnormal behavior has been shown to be associated with abnormal potassium conductance associated with a specific channel. The molecular determinants of learning have been studied in the gill and syphon withdrawal reflex of Aplysa. Short-term learning is associated with a change in a specific kinase which influences a voltage gated potassium conductance, leading to prolonged depolarization, enhanced calcium influx, leading in turn to augmented neurotransmitter release. Longer term learning depends on expression of specific mRNAs, and inhibitors of protein synthesis, administered at critical periods, disrupt the development of long-term memory. The author discusses the viability of passing from examples such as these to an eventual understanding of psychiatric disorders.

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