Same-day parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism -an over 20-year practice.

Introduction: There has been a shift in recent years toward same-day parathyroidectomies due to the decrease in mutual costs with few significant differences in postoperative morbidity or mortality. We sought to determine if demographics, preoperative patient risk factors, or comorbidities were associated with a patient's likelihood of having same-day or inpatient surgery.

Materials and methods: A prospective database of parathyroid operations from 2001 to 2022 (n = 2948 patients) was reviewed for surgeries completed for primary hyperparathyroidism. Patients were categorized as same-day or inpatient surgery; demographics, risk factors, and co-morbidities were examined and differences across practice patterns during the 21-year period were studied and also analyzed in a subset of patients from 2013 to 2022.

Results: In a recent subset of patients from 2013 to 2022, patients having inpatient surgery were more likely to be Black and use anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy. Multivariable regression confirmed increased odds of aging and black patients requiring inpatient parathyroidectomy. Compared to 2001-2003, there was a significantly increased proportion of patients undergoing same-day surgery; compared to 2010-2012, there was a similar proportion of patients undergoing outpatient surgery between 2013 and 2018, and there was an increased proportion from 2019 through 2022.

Conclusion: Same-day parathyroidectomies have been shown to be safe and has become the typical practice for high-volume parathyroid surgeons over the last decade. Complications such as postoperative hematoma or hypocalcemia were previously shown to be incompletely mitigated by increased LOS or inpatient surgery, although demographics are considered to increase the odds of inpatient parathyroidectomy.