Tian-Shu Tang, Li Mao, Chun-Hua Huang, Chuan-Fang Zhao, Zhi-Sheng Liu, Jing Chen and Ben-Zhan Zhu
{"title":"在可见光照射下,一种独特的多吡啶基羟基氨基甲酸酯钌复合物产生的不寻常的单线态氧依赖性羟基自由基","authors":"Tian-Shu Tang, Li Mao, Chun-Hua Huang, Chuan-Fang Zhao, Zhi-Sheng Liu, Jing Chen and Ben-Zhan Zhu","doi":"10.1039/D4QI00853G","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes have been widely used in photodynamic therapy, during which singlet oxygen (<small><sup>1</sup></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small>) plays a crucial role. Here, we synthesized a unique Ru complex Ru(bpy)<small><sub>2</sub></small>PhenHA (bpy – bipyridine, Phen – 1,10-phenanthroline, HA – hydroxamic acid) and unexpectedly found that not only <small><sup>1</sup></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small>, but also reactive hydroxyl radical (˙OH) could be produced under visible-light irradiation of Ru(bpy)<small><sub>2</sub></small>PhenHA in the presence of a classic spin trapping agent, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline <em>N</em>-oxide (DMPO). Analogous ˙OH production was also observed with 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrroline-<em>N</em>-oxide (TMPO), but not with other spin trapping agents. In contrast, much less ˙OH was produced when substituting Ru(bpy)<small><sub>2</sub></small>PhenHA with Ru(bpy)<small><sub>2</sub></small>Phen lacking the HA group. However, when <em>N</em>-methyl-benzohydroxamic acid (a typical HA with reducing properties) was added into the DMPO/Ru(bpy)<small><sub>2</sub></small>Phen/VIS system, not only ˙OH, but also the corresponding secondary nitroxide radical was clearly detected. Similar results were also observed with other structurally-different reducing agents. Further studies with other known spin trapping agents suggest that the [DMPO–OOH]˙ intermediate might be transiently produced and then rapidly decomposed to produce ˙OH. Taken together, the molecular mechanism for the unusual ˙OH production was proposed: visible-light irradiation of Ru(bpy)<small><sub>2</sub></small>PhenHA produced <small><sup>1</sup></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small>, which electrophilically added on DMPO, forming a peroxide intermediate, which then quickly decomposed to a biradical [DMPO–OO]˙˙. Then, H-abstraction took place between [DMPO–OO]˙˙ and the reducing hydroxamic acid, forming the unstable [DMPO–OOH]˙, which decomposed homolytically to produce ˙OH. These findings revealed a novel ˙OH-generating system mediated by Ru complexes, which were not only dependent on DMPO, but also on <small><sup>1</sup></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small> and the presence of H-donating agents. These findings may have broad chemical and biomedical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":79,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers","volume":" 19","pages":" 6549-6563"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Unusual singlet oxygen-dependent hydroxyl radical production by a unique ruthenium-polypyridyl-hydroxamate complex under visible light irradiation†\",\"authors\":\"Tian-Shu Tang, Li Mao, Chun-Hua Huang, Chuan-Fang Zhao, Zhi-Sheng Liu, Jing Chen and Ben-Zhan Zhu\",\"doi\":\"10.1039/D4QI00853G\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes have been widely used in photodynamic therapy, during which singlet oxygen (<small><sup>1</sup></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small>) plays a crucial role. Here, we synthesized a unique Ru complex Ru(bpy)<small><sub>2</sub></small>PhenHA (bpy – bipyridine, Phen – 1,10-phenanthroline, HA – hydroxamic acid) and unexpectedly found that not only <small><sup>1</sup></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small>, but also reactive hydroxyl radical (˙OH) could be produced under visible-light irradiation of Ru(bpy)<small><sub>2</sub></small>PhenHA in the presence of a classic spin trapping agent, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline <em>N</em>-oxide (DMPO). Analogous ˙OH production was also observed with 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrroline-<em>N</em>-oxide (TMPO), but not with other spin trapping agents. In contrast, much less ˙OH was produced when substituting Ru(bpy)<small><sub>2</sub></small>PhenHA with Ru(bpy)<small><sub>2</sub></small>Phen lacking the HA group. However, when <em>N</em>-methyl-benzohydroxamic acid (a typical HA with reducing properties) was added into the DMPO/Ru(bpy)<small><sub>2</sub></small>Phen/VIS system, not only ˙OH, but also the corresponding secondary nitroxide radical was clearly detected. Similar results were also observed with other structurally-different reducing agents. Further studies with other known spin trapping agents suggest that the [DMPO–OOH]˙ intermediate might be transiently produced and then rapidly decomposed to produce ˙OH. Taken together, the molecular mechanism for the unusual ˙OH production was proposed: visible-light irradiation of Ru(bpy)<small><sub>2</sub></small>PhenHA produced <small><sup>1</sup></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small>, which electrophilically added on DMPO, forming a peroxide intermediate, which then quickly decomposed to a biradical [DMPO–OO]˙˙. Then, H-abstraction took place between [DMPO–OO]˙˙ and the reducing hydroxamic acid, forming the unstable [DMPO–OOH]˙, which decomposed homolytically to produce ˙OH. These findings revealed a novel ˙OH-generating system mediated by Ru complexes, which were not only dependent on DMPO, but also on <small><sup>1</sup></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small> and the presence of H-donating agents. These findings may have broad chemical and biomedical implications.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":79,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers\",\"volume\":\" 19\",\"pages\":\" 6549-6563\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/qi/d4qi00853g\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/qi/d4qi00853g","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR","Score":null,"Total":0}
Unusual singlet oxygen-dependent hydroxyl radical production by a unique ruthenium-polypyridyl-hydroxamate complex under visible light irradiation†
Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes have been widely used in photodynamic therapy, during which singlet oxygen (1O2) plays a crucial role. Here, we synthesized a unique Ru complex Ru(bpy)2PhenHA (bpy – bipyridine, Phen – 1,10-phenanthroline, HA – hydroxamic acid) and unexpectedly found that not only 1O2, but also reactive hydroxyl radical (˙OH) could be produced under visible-light irradiation of Ru(bpy)2PhenHA in the presence of a classic spin trapping agent, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO). Analogous ˙OH production was also observed with 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (TMPO), but not with other spin trapping agents. In contrast, much less ˙OH was produced when substituting Ru(bpy)2PhenHA with Ru(bpy)2Phen lacking the HA group. However, when N-methyl-benzohydroxamic acid (a typical HA with reducing properties) was added into the DMPO/Ru(bpy)2Phen/VIS system, not only ˙OH, but also the corresponding secondary nitroxide radical was clearly detected. Similar results were also observed with other structurally-different reducing agents. Further studies with other known spin trapping agents suggest that the [DMPO–OOH]˙ intermediate might be transiently produced and then rapidly decomposed to produce ˙OH. Taken together, the molecular mechanism for the unusual ˙OH production was proposed: visible-light irradiation of Ru(bpy)2PhenHA produced 1O2, which electrophilically added on DMPO, forming a peroxide intermediate, which then quickly decomposed to a biradical [DMPO–OO]˙˙. Then, H-abstraction took place between [DMPO–OO]˙˙ and the reducing hydroxamic acid, forming the unstable [DMPO–OOH]˙, which decomposed homolytically to produce ˙OH. These findings revealed a novel ˙OH-generating system mediated by Ru complexes, which were not only dependent on DMPO, but also on 1O2 and the presence of H-donating agents. These findings may have broad chemical and biomedical implications.