Management of congestive heart failure in the elderly.

A universally accepted description of appropriate therapy for treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) has yet to be agreed upon, especially in the elderly. Numerous studies have provided data that question use of a digitalis glycoside as the agent of choice in treatment of chronic CHF. Several clinicians have suggested that diuretics, particularly thiazide diuretics, be used as initial agents in the treatment of this condition. Evidence now demonstrates that drug therapy with enalapril or the combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate reduces the mortality related to chronic CHF. Additional studies are required to clarify respective roles of diuretics, digitalis glycosides, and vasodilators in the management of chronic CHF.