A DFT study of the CaMg2As2 material for photovoltaic applications

The research focused on investigating the structural, elastic, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric characteristics of the CaMg₂As₂ compound. To inspect these properties, the density functional theory (DFT) method has been applied via the Wien2K code. The electronic analysis revealed that the CaMg₂As₂ compound demonstrates semiconductor behavior with an indirect band gap of 1.781 eV. Additionally, its elastic properties were examined, revealing a 1.980 % AVR, indicating a variation in elasticity depending on the direction of load or stress applied. We have also studied various optical properties of CaMg₂As₂, including the refractive index, extinction coefficient, electron energy loss, dielectric tensor, and optical conductivity. the absorption coefficient value is zero for energy levels below 2.60 eV, meaning there is no energy absorption by the material at lower energy levels. However, as the energy surpasses 2.60 eV, the absorption coefficient increases and shows multiple peaks. This signifies that as the incident radiation's energy increases, the material starts absorbing more energy at specific energy levels. In addition, one significant finding is that the thermal conductivity of the lattice (κ_L) in CaMg₂As₂ decreases exponentially as the temperature rises. This means that as the material gets hotter, its ability to conduct heat becomes less effective. In simple terms, the material becomes less efficient at transferring heat at higher temperatures. These findings suggest that CaMg₂As₂ has potential as a thermoelectric material with interesting properties that deserve further investigation.