Recent advances in robust and ultra-thin Li metal anode

Li metal batteries have been widely expected to break the energy-density limits of current Li-ion batteries, showing impressive prospects for the next-generation electrochemical energy storage system. Although much progress has been achieved in stabilizing the Li metal anode, the current Li electrode still lacks efficiency and safety. Moreover, a practical Li metal battery requires a thickness-controllable Li electrode to maximally balance the energy density and stability. However, due to the stickiness and fragile nature of Li metal, manufacturing Li ingot into thin electrodes from conventional approaches has historically remained challenging, limiting the sufficient utilization of energy density in Li metal batteries. Aiming at the practical application of Li metal anode, the current issues and their initiation mechanism are comprehensively summarized from the stability and processability perspectives. Recent advances in robust and ultra-thin Li metal anode are outlined from methodology innovation to provide an overall insight. Finally, challenges and prospective developments regarding this burgeoning field are critically discussed to afford future outlooks. With the development of advanced processing and modification technology, we are optimistic that a truly great leap will be achieved in the foreseeable future toward the industrial application of Li metal batteries.