Impulsive–compulsive problems in young people

Impulsive and compulsive disorders are common in young people, present in many medical settings, but frequently overlooked and left untreated. This article provides a primer on impulsivity and compulsivity, focusing on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (the archetypal impulsive disorder), obsessive–compulsive disorder (the archetypal compulsive disorder) and gambling disorder (a condition involving both features). We focus on their presentations, epidemiology, pathogenesis and usual course, how to recognize them clinically (including brief screening tools) and management approaches. Finally, we highlight other types of impulsive and compulsive symptom that are common but require more research to establish optimal assessment and treatment approaches.