Role of Family Structure in the Pattern of Intergenerational Monetary Transfers in India: A Parental Gender-Based Perspective

Aim

This study examined directional flow and patterns of intergenerational monetary transfers in India amidst changing family structures and an aging population, specifically emphasizing the gender dynamics of older parents.

Methods

Data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (wave-1) was analyzed, involving 30,147 individuals aged 60+ who have at least one alive child. The study objective was pursued through bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results

The proportion of children-to-parent monetary transfers (13.1%) was found to be triple than that of parents-to-children transfers (4.4%), indicating an upward flow of support, consistent with the tradition of filial piety. Older male parents were more likely to support their children, while older female parents received more financial assistance. Female parents not co-residing with their children were more likely to provide support, whereas co-residence did not significantly impact financial transfers from male parents. Parents living only with their spouses and children were less likely to receive support from children compared to those living with children and/or other relatives. Parents with up to eight children were more likely to receive financial assistance from children. Female household heads were more likely to receive support, while male heads showed a negative or insignificant association.

Conclusions

The study highlights the significant role of family support, especially from adult children, in the economic security of older Indians, particularly older women. Despite changing family dynamics, the tradition of upward financial transfers persists, underscoring the importance of filial piety and cultural norms in ensuring the well-being of older adults in India.