预暴露于海洋热浪对海洋基础物种临界最大热量(CTmax)的影响

IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Nathan G. King, Tayla Leathers, Kathryn E. Smith, Dan A. Smale
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引用次数: 0

摘要

海洋基础物种支撑着世界上一些最多样化的生态系统,但它们正日益受到海洋热浪(MHWs)加剧的威胁。当海洋热浪超过临界最大热量(CTmax)时,会导致死亡率上升和种群数量减少。临界最大热量(CTmax)越来越多地被用于评估MHW种群的脆弱性,但以可比方式估算不同物种、分布区边缘和热历史的临界最大热量(CTmax)的研究仍然缺乏。我们确定了 MHW 对英吉利海峡西部海洋基础物种(海带、海草和双壳类动物)冷/暖亲缘关系匹配对的后续 CTmax 估计值的影响。在进行为期 4 周的 MHW 模拟后,对个体进行 CTmax 试验,每天将温度提高 2°C,直至达到生理终点。我们发现,MHW 对 CTmax 没有积极影响,但对某些基础物种组有明显的负面影响。MHW强度的增加对温水(Laminaria ochroleuca)和凉水(L. digitata)海带物种的生理都有逐步的负面影响,表现为CTmax的显著降低。令人惊讶的是,这种情况在暖水性物种中最为明显,这与假定的前沿种群的安全性背道而驰。暖性海草(Zostera noltii)和冷性海草(Z. marina)的生理机能受到 MHW 强度增加的负面影响,但 CTmax 没有明显下降。双壳类物种(Mytilus edulis 和 Magallana gigas)对暴露于 MHWs 都表现出明显的抵抗力,这出乎我们的意料,因为这些物种容易受到夏季压力条件的影响。我们的研究结果表明,预先暴露于真实的MHWs会影响CTmax值,但很难在不同组别之间或基于假定的热安全系数做出概括。我们发现 CTmax 是一种易变的特征,暴露于 MHWs 会削弱个体或种群对后续热挑战的适应能力。这就给为了解高温热量在何时何地会产生最大影响而建立的框架留下了不确定性。为了更好地了解 CTmax 的动态性质,需要在更广泛的物种和热挑战中进行进一步实验,并需要进行实地验证,以确定复杂自然系统中个体和种群的反应。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

The influence of pre‐exposure to marine heatwaves on the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of marine foundation species

The influence of pre‐exposure to marine heatwaves on the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of marine foundation species
Marine foundation species underpin some of the world's most diverse ecosystems but they are increasingly threatened by intensification of marine heatwaves (MHWs). Where MHWs exceed critical thermal maxima (CTmax), increased mortality and population declines can occur. CTmax is increasingly used to assess MHW population vulnerability but studies estimating CTmax across species, range edges and thermal histories in a comparable manner remain lacking. We determined the impact of MHWs on subsequent CTmax estimates of matched cool/warm affinity pairs of marine foundation species (kelp, seagrass and bivalves) in the Western English Channel. Following a 4‐week MHW simulation, individuals were subjected to a CTmax trial, where temperatures were raised by 2°C day−1 until physiological end points were reached. We found no positive effect of MHWs on CTmax but clear negative impacts were observed for some groups of foundation species. Increased MHW intensity had a stepwise negative impact on the physiology of both warm (Laminaria ochroleuca) and cool water (L. digitata) kelp species that manifested in significant reductions in CTmax. Surprisingly, this was most marked in the warm water species, which runs opposite to the assumed safety of leading‐edge populations. The physiology of warm (Zostera noltii) and cool (Z. marina) seagrasses was negatively impacted by increasing MHW intensity but no significant decrease in CTmax was observed. Both bivalve species (Mytilus edulis and Magallana gigas) showed marked resistance to exposure to MHWs, which was unexpected given the observed vulnerability of these species to stressful summertime conditions. Our results show pre‐exposure to realistic MHWs can influence CTmax values but generalities are difficult to make across groups or based on assumed thermal safety margins. We show CTmax is a labile trait and exposure to MHWs, can erode the resilience of an individual or population to subsequent thermal challenges. This leaves uncertainty within frameworks built to understand where and when MHWs will be most impactful. Further experimentation across a wider range of species and thermal challenges is needed to better understand the dynamic nature of CTmax and field validation is needed to determine the responses of individuals and populations within complex natural systems. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
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来源期刊
Functional Ecology
Functional Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
9.00
自引率
1.90%
发文量
243
审稿时长
4 months
期刊介绍: Functional Ecology publishes high-impact papers that enable a mechanistic understanding of ecological pattern and process from the organismic to the ecosystem scale. Because of the multifaceted nature of this challenge, papers can be based on a wide range of approaches. Thus, manuscripts may vary from physiological, genetics, life-history, and behavioural perspectives for organismal studies to community and biogeochemical studies when the goal is to understand ecosystem and larger scale ecological phenomena. We believe that the diverse nature of our journal is a strength, not a weakness, and we are open-minded about the variety of data, research approaches and types of studies that we publish. Certain key areas will continue to be emphasized: studies that integrate genomics with ecology, studies that examine how key aspects of physiology (e.g., stress) impact the ecology of animals and plants, or vice versa, and how evolution shapes interactions among function and ecological traits. Ecology has increasingly moved towards the realization that organismal traits and activities are vital for understanding community dynamics and ecosystem processes, particularly in response to the rapid global changes occurring in earth’s environment, and Functional Ecology aims to publish such integrative papers.
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