Nathan G. King, Tayla Leathers, Kathryn E. Smith, Dan A. Smale
{"title":"预暴露于海洋热浪对海洋基础物种临界最大热量(CTmax)的影响","authors":"Nathan G. King, Tayla Leathers, Kathryn E. Smith, Dan A. Smale","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14622","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Marine foundation species underpin some of the world's most diverse ecosystems but they are increasingly threatened by intensification of marine heatwaves (MHWs). Where MHWs exceed critical thermal maxima (CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub>), increased mortality and population declines can occur. CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> is increasingly used to assess MHW population vulnerability but studies estimating CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> across species, range edges and thermal histories in a comparable manner remain lacking.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We determined the impact of MHWs on subsequent CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> estimates of matched cool/warm affinity pairs of marine foundation species (kelp, seagrass and bivalves) in the Western English Channel. Following a 4‐week MHW simulation, individuals were subjected to a CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> trial, where temperatures were raised by 2°C day<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> until physiological end points were reached.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We found no positive effect of MHWs on CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> but clear negative impacts were observed for some groups of foundation species. Increased MHW intensity had a stepwise negative impact on the physiology of both warm (<jats:italic>Laminaria ochroleuca</jats:italic>) and cool water (<jats:italic>L. digitata</jats:italic>) kelp species that manifested in significant reductions in CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub>. Surprisingly, this was most marked in the warm water species, which runs opposite to the assumed safety of leading‐edge populations. The physiology of warm (<jats:italic>Zostera noltii</jats:italic>) and cool (<jats:italic>Z. marina</jats:italic>) seagrasses was negatively impacted by increasing MHW intensity but no significant decrease in CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> was observed. Both bivalve species (<jats:italic>Mytilus edulis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Magallana gigas</jats:italic>) showed marked resistance to exposure to MHWs, which was unexpected given the observed vulnerability of these species to stressful summertime conditions.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our results show pre‐exposure to realistic MHWs can influence CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> values but generalities are difficult to make across groups or based on assumed thermal safety margins. We show CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> is a labile trait and exposure to MHWs, can erode the resilience of an individual or population to subsequent thermal challenges. This leaves uncertainty within frameworks built to understand where and when MHWs will be most impactful.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Further experimentation across a wider range of species and thermal challenges is needed to better understand the dynamic nature of CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> and field validation is needed to determine the responses of individuals and populations within complex natural systems.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>Read the free <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https://fesummaries.wordpress.com/2024/07/12/marine-heatwaves-can-lower-thermal-tolerance-of-habitat-forming-species/\">Plain Language Summary</jats:ext-link> for this article on the Journal blog.","PeriodicalId":172,"journal":{"name":"Functional Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The influence of pre‐exposure to marine heatwaves on the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of marine foundation species\",\"authors\":\"Nathan G. King, Tayla Leathers, Kathryn E. Smith, Dan A. Smale\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/1365-2435.14622\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Marine foundation species underpin some of the world's most diverse ecosystems but they are increasingly threatened by intensification of marine heatwaves (MHWs). Where MHWs exceed critical thermal maxima (CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub>), increased mortality and population declines can occur. CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> is increasingly used to assess MHW population vulnerability but studies estimating CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> across species, range edges and thermal histories in a comparable manner remain lacking.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We determined the impact of MHWs on subsequent CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> estimates of matched cool/warm affinity pairs of marine foundation species (kelp, seagrass and bivalves) in the Western English Channel. Following a 4‐week MHW simulation, individuals were subjected to a CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> trial, where temperatures were raised by 2°C day<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> until physiological end points were reached.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We found no positive effect of MHWs on CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> but clear negative impacts were observed for some groups of foundation species. Increased MHW intensity had a stepwise negative impact on the physiology of both warm (<jats:italic>Laminaria ochroleuca</jats:italic>) and cool water (<jats:italic>L. digitata</jats:italic>) kelp species that manifested in significant reductions in CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub>. Surprisingly, this was most marked in the warm water species, which runs opposite to the assumed safety of leading‐edge populations. The physiology of warm (<jats:italic>Zostera noltii</jats:italic>) and cool (<jats:italic>Z. marina</jats:italic>) seagrasses was negatively impacted by increasing MHW intensity but no significant decrease in CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> was observed. Both bivalve species (<jats:italic>Mytilus edulis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Magallana gigas</jats:italic>) showed marked resistance to exposure to MHWs, which was unexpected given the observed vulnerability of these species to stressful summertime conditions.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our results show pre‐exposure to realistic MHWs can influence CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> values but generalities are difficult to make across groups or based on assumed thermal safety margins. We show CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> is a labile trait and exposure to MHWs, can erode the resilience of an individual or population to subsequent thermal challenges. This leaves uncertainty within frameworks built to understand where and when MHWs will be most impactful.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Further experimentation across a wider range of species and thermal challenges is needed to better understand the dynamic nature of CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> and field validation is needed to determine the responses of individuals and populations within complex natural systems.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>Read the free <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\" xlink:href=\\\"https://fesummaries.wordpress.com/2024/07/12/marine-heatwaves-can-lower-thermal-tolerance-of-habitat-forming-species/\\\">Plain Language Summary</jats:ext-link> for this article on the Journal blog.\",\"PeriodicalId\":172,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Functional Ecology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Functional Ecology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14622\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Functional Ecology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14622","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of pre‐exposure to marine heatwaves on the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of marine foundation species
Marine foundation species underpin some of the world's most diverse ecosystems but they are increasingly threatened by intensification of marine heatwaves (MHWs). Where MHWs exceed critical thermal maxima (CTmax), increased mortality and population declines can occur. CTmax is increasingly used to assess MHW population vulnerability but studies estimating CTmax across species, range edges and thermal histories in a comparable manner remain lacking.We determined the impact of MHWs on subsequent CTmax estimates of matched cool/warm affinity pairs of marine foundation species (kelp, seagrass and bivalves) in the Western English Channel. Following a 4‐week MHW simulation, individuals were subjected to a CTmax trial, where temperatures were raised by 2°C day−1 until physiological end points were reached.We found no positive effect of MHWs on CTmax but clear negative impacts were observed for some groups of foundation species. Increased MHW intensity had a stepwise negative impact on the physiology of both warm (Laminaria ochroleuca) and cool water (L. digitata) kelp species that manifested in significant reductions in CTmax. Surprisingly, this was most marked in the warm water species, which runs opposite to the assumed safety of leading‐edge populations. The physiology of warm (Zostera noltii) and cool (Z. marina) seagrasses was negatively impacted by increasing MHW intensity but no significant decrease in CTmax was observed. Both bivalve species (Mytilus edulis and Magallana gigas) showed marked resistance to exposure to MHWs, which was unexpected given the observed vulnerability of these species to stressful summertime conditions.Our results show pre‐exposure to realistic MHWs can influence CTmax values but generalities are difficult to make across groups or based on assumed thermal safety margins. We show CTmax is a labile trait and exposure to MHWs, can erode the resilience of an individual or population to subsequent thermal challenges. This leaves uncertainty within frameworks built to understand where and when MHWs will be most impactful.Further experimentation across a wider range of species and thermal challenges is needed to better understand the dynamic nature of CTmax and field validation is needed to determine the responses of individuals and populations within complex natural systems.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
期刊介绍:
Functional Ecology publishes high-impact papers that enable a mechanistic understanding of ecological pattern and process from the organismic to the ecosystem scale. Because of the multifaceted nature of this challenge, papers can be based on a wide range of approaches. Thus, manuscripts may vary from physiological, genetics, life-history, and behavioural perspectives for organismal studies to community and biogeochemical studies when the goal is to understand ecosystem and larger scale ecological phenomena. We believe that the diverse nature of our journal is a strength, not a weakness, and we are open-minded about the variety of data, research approaches and types of studies that we publish. Certain key areas will continue to be emphasized: studies that integrate genomics with ecology, studies that examine how key aspects of physiology (e.g., stress) impact the ecology of animals and plants, or vice versa, and how evolution shapes interactions among function and ecological traits. Ecology has increasingly moved towards the realization that organismal traits and activities are vital for understanding community dynamics and ecosystem processes, particularly in response to the rapid global changes occurring in earth’s environment, and Functional Ecology aims to publish such integrative papers.