Ying Zhang, An Li, Denan Kong, Huanjing Li, Xianshuang Wang, Yuheng Shan, Yage He, Yeping Ren, Lixiang Zhong, Wei Guo, Fanzhi Yang, Yao Zhou, Min Xia, Ruibin Liu
{"title":"通过 X 射线辐射快速调节静电灵敏度和爆炸性能","authors":"Ying Zhang, An Li, Denan Kong, Huanjing Li, Xianshuang Wang, Yuheng Shan, Yage He, Yeping Ren, Lixiang Zhong, Wei Guo, Fanzhi Yang, Yao Zhou, Min Xia, Ruibin Liu","doi":"10.1002/prep.202300313","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"It is highly desirable to actively modulate the explosive performance and sensitivity of traditional explosives, such as RDX (hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine), and HMX (cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine), especially to reduce their explosive power and electrostatic sensitivity. Herein, a new avenue is found to effectively modulate the explosive performance and electrostatic sensitivity by direct irradiation of high‐density X‐ray from synchrotron radiation. RDX as a kind of popular and high‐performance explosive, is chosen to demonstrate the modulated effectiveness. After X‐ray irradiation with different irradiation time, the detonation velocity (DV), detonation pressure (DP), heat of detonation (HoD), and electrostatic sensitivity of RDX are determined. Compared with the electrostatic sensitivity and explosive parameters of original high‐quality RDX, the maximum electrostatic sensitivity value is increased to 1061 mJ after irradiation, which is an enhancement ratio of 39.61 %. The lowest DV is 7.57 km/s (−14.27 %), the lowest DP is 16.23 GPa (−53.20 %), and the lowest HoD is 5.15 kJ/g (−9.65 %). These changes mainly originate from the changes in the structure and crystal structure of RDX molecules after irradiation, as evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The mechanism of RDX modulation by X‐ray is due to denitrification, which always accompanies lots of energy releases, thus impacting the electrostatic sensitivity and explosive power of RDX. Therefore, this study not only provides a new method for reducing electrostatic sensitivity to improve the safety of storage, transportation, and application of RDX, but also holds great potential to reduce explosive performance by non‐contact means.","PeriodicalId":20800,"journal":{"name":"Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Rapid modulation of electrostatic sensitivity and explosive performance by X‐ray radiation\",\"authors\":\"Ying Zhang, An Li, Denan Kong, Huanjing Li, Xianshuang Wang, Yuheng Shan, Yage He, Yeping Ren, Lixiang Zhong, Wei Guo, Fanzhi Yang, Yao Zhou, Min Xia, Ruibin Liu\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/prep.202300313\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"It is highly desirable to actively modulate the explosive performance and sensitivity of traditional explosives, such as RDX (hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine), and HMX (cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine), especially to reduce their explosive power and electrostatic sensitivity. Herein, a new avenue is found to effectively modulate the explosive performance and electrostatic sensitivity by direct irradiation of high‐density X‐ray from synchrotron radiation. RDX as a kind of popular and high‐performance explosive, is chosen to demonstrate the modulated effectiveness. After X‐ray irradiation with different irradiation time, the detonation velocity (DV), detonation pressure (DP), heat of detonation (HoD), and electrostatic sensitivity of RDX are determined. Compared with the electrostatic sensitivity and explosive parameters of original high‐quality RDX, the maximum electrostatic sensitivity value is increased to 1061 mJ after irradiation, which is an enhancement ratio of 39.61 %. The lowest DV is 7.57 km/s (−14.27 %), the lowest DP is 16.23 GPa (−53.20 %), and the lowest HoD is 5.15 kJ/g (−9.65 %). These changes mainly originate from the changes in the structure and crystal structure of RDX molecules after irradiation, as evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The mechanism of RDX modulation by X‐ray is due to denitrification, which always accompanies lots of energy releases, thus impacting the electrostatic sensitivity and explosive power of RDX. 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Rapid modulation of electrostatic sensitivity and explosive performance by X‐ray radiation
It is highly desirable to actively modulate the explosive performance and sensitivity of traditional explosives, such as RDX (hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine), and HMX (cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine), especially to reduce their explosive power and electrostatic sensitivity. Herein, a new avenue is found to effectively modulate the explosive performance and electrostatic sensitivity by direct irradiation of high‐density X‐ray from synchrotron radiation. RDX as a kind of popular and high‐performance explosive, is chosen to demonstrate the modulated effectiveness. After X‐ray irradiation with different irradiation time, the detonation velocity (DV), detonation pressure (DP), heat of detonation (HoD), and electrostatic sensitivity of RDX are determined. Compared with the electrostatic sensitivity and explosive parameters of original high‐quality RDX, the maximum electrostatic sensitivity value is increased to 1061 mJ after irradiation, which is an enhancement ratio of 39.61 %. The lowest DV is 7.57 km/s (−14.27 %), the lowest DP is 16.23 GPa (−53.20 %), and the lowest HoD is 5.15 kJ/g (−9.65 %). These changes mainly originate from the changes in the structure and crystal structure of RDX molecules after irradiation, as evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The mechanism of RDX modulation by X‐ray is due to denitrification, which always accompanies lots of energy releases, thus impacting the electrostatic sensitivity and explosive power of RDX. Therefore, this study not only provides a new method for reducing electrostatic sensitivity to improve the safety of storage, transportation, and application of RDX, but also holds great potential to reduce explosive performance by non‐contact means.
期刊介绍:
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics (PEP) is an international, peer-reviewed journal containing Full Papers, Short Communications, critical Reviews, as well as details of forthcoming meetings and book reviews concerned with the research, development and production in relation to propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics for all applications. Being the official journal of the International Pyrotechnics Society, PEP is a vital medium and the state-of-the-art forum for the exchange of science and technology in energetic materials. PEP is published 12 times a year.
PEP is devoted to advancing the science, technology and engineering elements in the storage and manipulation of chemical energy, specifically in propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics. Articles should provide scientific context, articulate impact, and be generally applicable to the energetic materials and wider scientific community. PEP is not a defense journal and does not feature the weaponization of materials and related systems or include information that would aid in the development or utilization of improvised explosive systems, e.g., synthesis routes to terrorist explosives.