City Transmission Networks: Unraveling Disease Spread Dynamics

In the midst of global efforts to curb the spread of infectious diseases, researchers worldwide are striving to unravel the intricate spatial and temporal patterns of disease transmission dynamics. Mathematical models are indispensable tools for understanding the dissemination of emerging pathogens and elucidating the evolution of epidemics. This paper introduces a novel approach by investigating city transmission networks as a framework for analyzing disease spread. In this network, major cities are depicted as nodes interconnected by edges representing disease transmission pathways. Subsequent network analysis employs various epidemiological and structural metrics to delineate the distinct roles played by cities in disease transmission. The primary objective is to identify superspreader cities. Illustratively, we apply this methodology to study COVID-19 transmission in Saudi Arabian cities, shedding light on the specific dynamics within this context. These insights offer valuable guidance for decision-making processes and the formulation of effective intervention strategies, carrying significant implications for managing public health crises.