Estimation of porosity distribution from formation image logs and comparing the results with NMR log analysis: Implications for the heterogeneity analysis of carbonate reservoirs with an example from the Asmari reservoir, southwest Iran

Estimating heterogeneity in carbonate rocks is the most important parameter in identifying reservoir and non-reservoir areas. Diagenetic and sedimentary processes directly control reservoir heterogeneity. In this regard, the high hydrocarbon production rate and the reduction of the complexity of the carbonate reservoirs require the evaluation of a new architecture of the reservoir, in which the simultaneous impact of the diagenetic-sedimentary processes on the petrophysical logs is investigated. The current study studies the Oligocene-Miocene Asmari Formation Iran's giant carbonate reservoir. Based on petrographic studies, sedimentary facies, depositional environment and diagenetic processes were characterized. Formation evaluation was conducted to determine lithology, water saturation, fluid volume, and effective porosity. The estimated porosity from the evaluation of the conventional logs (full suite) was compared with the results of estimating the porosity from the NMR T2 distribution curve and the porosity histogram of the image logs. Lorenz's coefficient of heterogeneity was used to understand the heterogeneity of the reservoir. Diagenetic-sedimentary processes and petrophysical logs were used to investigate the pore type and their distribution. The results of petrographic studies, NMR T2 distribution curve, and porosity histogram show that the diagenetic-sedimentary process is the most important factor enhancing the reservoir heterogeneity. Diagenetic and sedimentary processes were traced by evaluating NMR and Image logs. Based on the results, the porosity distribution using the T2 curve and Image show a good agreement. Diagenetic processes mainly dissolution and dolomitization increased the heterogeneity of the main production zones (zones 3 and 4) of the Asmari reservoir that was confirmed using NMR and Image logs.