狮爪之下:南非的狮子养殖和非法国际骨头贸易

Angie Elwin, Eyob Asfaw, Neil D’Cruze
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摘要

非洲狮(Panthera leo)在其自然分布范围内承受着众多人为压力。在南非,虽然自由放养的狮子数量在增加,但在私人商业设施中圈养的狮子数量远远超过野生狮子。据报道,南非建立人工饲养狮子产业的主要目的是通过为狩猎战利品提供人工饲养的狮子来创造收入并减轻野生种群的压力。然而,该产业已成为一个极具争议的话题,受到国际社会的持续关注和争论。在这里,我们通过直接采访位于西北省的两家封闭式狮子饲养场的工作人员,了解到一些饲养场如何继续利用圈养繁殖和狩猎等合法活动,为参与非法的国际猫科动物骨骼贸易提供便利。消息来源还报告了其他非法和不道德的活动,包括违反动物福利、工人的不安全条件、可能转向对老虎等其他猫科动物物种的商业开发,以及涉及非附属行为者偷猎圈养狮子和老虎的事件。消息来源描述了一些设施如何使用各种工具和策略,如安全摄像头、巡逻和信息应用程序,以避免在检查中被发现。南非政府要想成功实现其公开宣布的终止圈养狮子业的目标,就必须制定一项管理完善的综合计划,以摆脱目前的做法。为了帮助执法,还应对该行业进行全面审计,对所有设施进行正式登记,暂停狮子繁殖,并制定计划防止狮骨囤积。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Under the lion’s paw: lion farming in South Africa and the illegal international bone trade
The African lion Panthera leo is subject to numerous anthropogenic pressures across its natural range. In South Africa, although free ranging populations are increasing, the number of lions in captivity in private commercial facilities far outnumber those in the wild. South Africa’s captive lion industry was reportedly created primarily to generate income and take pressure off wild populations through the supply of captive-bred lions for trophy hunting. However, the industry has become a highly contentious topic under ongoing international scrutiny and debate. Here, we present new information from direct interviews with workers at two closed-access lion facilities located in North West Province, on how some facilities continue to use legal activities, such as captive breeding and hunting, to facilitate their involvement in the illegal international felid bone trade. The sources also report other illegal and unethical activities including animal welfare violations, unsafe conditions for workers, potential shifts to the commercial exploitation of other felid species such as tigers Panthera tigris and incidents involving poaching of captive lions and tigers by non-affiliated actors. Sources described how some facilities use various tools and tactics, such as security cameras, patrols and messaging apps to avoid detection during inspections. If the South African Government is to be successful in meeting its publicly stated goal of ending the captive lion industry, a comprehensive well-managed plan to transition away from current practices is required. To aid enforcement, the industry should also be fully audited, with all facilities officially registered, a moratorium on the breeding of lions and plans put in place to prevent the stockpiling of lion bones.
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