基于精准营养的人类疾病管理和健康老龄化战略:当前的进展和未来的挑战

Vipin Kumar Singh, Xiao-Hu Hu, Amit Kishore Singh, Manoj Kumar Solanki, Pooja Vijayaraghavan, Rajpal Srivastav, Naveen Kumar Joshi, Madhuree Kumari, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Zhen Wang, Ajay Kumar
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目前,对人类各种疾病的治疗基于不同的治疗方法,包括传统和现代医学体系。考虑到年龄、性别、遗传和表观遗传组成等不同方面以及病理生理状况,精准营养作为一种新兴方法应运而生。基因组学与营养学学科的不断发展,阐明了基因变异、表观遗传信息和无数基因的表达在疾病进展中的重要性,以及参与调节治疗反应的情况。此外,研究还表明,由共生菌和共栖菌组成的肠道微生物群发挥着重要作用,可进行多种活动,如释放生物活性分子、抵御病原微生物和调节免疫等。值得注意的是,除饮食外,微生物群的特征会因宿主属性、环境因素和栖息地的不同而发生变化,因此可用作生物标志物来揭示对特定食物的反应。可以建议特定饮食及其成分在一定程度上支持所需的微生物群落的富集,以此作为精准营养的重要组成部分,不仅实现人类健康的目标,而且实现健康老龄化的目标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Precision nutrition-based strategy for management of human diseases and healthy aging: current progress and challenges forward
Currently, the treatment of various human ailments is based on different therapeutic approaches including traditional and modern medicine systems. Precision nutrition has come into existence as an emerging approach considering the diverse aspects such as age, sex, genetic and epigenetic makeup, apart from the pathophysiological conditions. The continuously and gradually evolving disciplines of genomics about nutrition have elucidated the importance of genetic variations, epigenetic information, and expression of myriads of genes in disease progression apart from the involvement in modulating therapeutic responses. Further, the investigations have presented the considerable role of gut microbiota comprising of commensal and symbionts performing innumerable activities such as release of bioactive molecules, defense against pathogenic microbes, and regulation of immunity. Noteworthy, the characteristics of the microbiome change depending on host attributes, environmental factors, and habitat, in addition to diet, and therefore can be employed as a biomarker to unravel the response to given food. The specific diet and the components thereof can be suggested for supporting the enrichment of the desired microbial community to some extent as an important part of precision nutrition to achieve not only the goal of human health but also of healthy aging.
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