PRINCIPLES OF APPLICATION OF THE SOIL EINFORCEMENT METHOD WITH HORIZONTAL ELEMENTS IN COMPLEX SOIL CONDITIONS

Soil reinforcement with horizontal linear flexible elements is used in almost all branches of geotechnical practice, when placing a construction site in difficult soil conditions. Let's consider in more detail each of the difficult construction conditions, such as areas faked by mining, subsidence soils, areas dangerous for the possibility of sufosis and karst, landslides, as well as loose and organic soils, using the example of pillow reinforcement under the foundation of the building that will be erected. In this case, it is necessary to comply with such requirements as sufficient strength of the reinforcement elements and the optimal contact surface of the elements with the soil. First of all, we will consider the principle of using this method during construction on territories that have already been tampered with or will be tampered with in the future by mining and underground urban structures. In addition to the displacement trough, which is directly formed over a certain period of time above the mine, within which subsidence, tilting, curvature deformation, compression and stretching of the earth's surface occur, other dangerous processes that reach the earth's surface are also possible: soil compaction from drainage, which leads to the subsidence of the layers that lie above and ends with the subsidence of the earth's surface with the formation of a drainage basin of subsidence; sufosis into an underground working, as a result of which a sufosis cavity is formed, and depending on its height, either collapse or subsidence of the soil occurs, and a sufosis depression or a sufosis mound of displacement is formed on the earth's surface, respectively. In buildings, the effect of reinforcement is manifested in two ways. First of all, due to its tensile strength, reinforcement prevents the displacement of some parts of the soil mass relative to others. Secondly, the interlayer, which works in harmony with the soil, causes a redistribution of stresses from overloaded areas to neighboring unloaded areas and involves them in work. The introduction of such a layer allows you to strengthen the dangerous or weakened area of ​​the structure and ensure its sufficient strength. The introduction of horizontal reinforcing elements into the soil base, which will absorb part of the tensile forces, will significantly limit these deformations. Тhe destruction of reinforced soil structures located in counterfeit territories is characterized by the rupture of reinforcing elements due to the stretching of the earth's surface, therefore it is necessary to ensure their required strength, as well as the length of reinforcing elements. It is also desirable to anchor the ends of the reinforcing elements, if their number is at least 4. This will prevent reinforcement elements from slipping in the soil, which will reduce the settlement of foundations of buildings and structures.