Selection of biomass and bioenergy applications from rice production waste: an integrated method of a circular bioeconomy-based fuzzy inference system and portfolio decision analysis

Circular bioeconomy (CBE) strategies purpose to attain sustainable development goals (SDGs) with mitigating greenhouse gasses emissions. By employing a portfolio theory, we have been shown that an enhancement in the circularity of resources can be occurred utilizing the choice of suitable economic securities in relation to the food wastes. An integrated method of a CBE-based fuzzy inference system and portfolio decision analysis is considered to analyze the biomass and bioenergy applications (economic securities) of generated wastes from the rice production process as food waste. The results show that among the ten economic securities, five applications have the highest weights with regard to the effectiveness of CBE strategies. They are (1) soil incorporation, (2) srganic fertilizers, (3) she industry of paper, wood, and building materials, (4) Clean electrical energy production, and (5) snimal feeding. These are selected as the most appropriate economic securities for the sustainable management of rice production waste in Behbahan city, Iran. This review can give a deeper analysis of circular solutions to extant linear pathways that play a significant role in the enhancement of food security and environmental sustainability in future. Implementing this method in food-waste management can facilitate the realization of SDGs.