旁观者对女性乘坐公共交通工具时人身安全感知的作用

Kirsten J. Tilleman, S. Chowdhury
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引用次数: 0

摘要

妇女在乘坐公共交通工具时经常会遇到性别骚扰,并因此调整自己的出行行为。本研究的重点是旁观者的存在如何影响妇女在使用公共交通工具时的安全感和自我效能感。本研究评估了社区支持和社会规范、感知到的权威责任以及环境因素在骚扰情况下对女性安全感的影响。我们在新西兰奥克兰进行了一项在线调查(n = 524)。我们分析了不同性别和交叉身份(如种族和 LGBTQ+)的回答差异。我们使用共同因素分析来发现影响女性安全感和旁观者期望的假设潜在变量。分析得出了女性+的四因子模型。女性+模型中最强的因子是社区,其次是权威、信心,然后是警惕。妇女+模型表明,旁观者和社区的支持是使用公共交通的妇女的一个重要期望,会影响她们的安全感和自我效能感。为了进行比较并深入了解男性作为旁观者可能扮演的角色,我们对男性的回答进行了因子分析。分析得出的三因素模型包括自信因素、权威因素和警惕因素。男性自信因子的强度表明,男性作为知情并愿意采取行动的旁观者还有一定的发挥空间。总之,研究结果表明,可以通过建立一个积极的旁观者社区,加强对弱势乘客的支持,并帮助将骚扰确立为一种不可接受的乘客行为形式,来加强反骚扰策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Role of Bystanders on Women’s Perception of Personal Security When Using Public Transport
Women frequently face gender-based harassment when using public transport and adjust their travel behavior as a result. The present study focuses on how the presence of bystanders influences women’s sense of security and self-efficacy while using public transport. The study assesses the impact community support and social norms, perceived responsibilities of authority, and environmental factors have on women’s perception of security in the context of harassment. We conducted an online survey in Auckland, New Zealand ( n = 524). We analyzed results for differences in responses by gender and intersectional identities such as ethnicity and LGBTQ+. We used common factor analysis to uncover hypothesized latent variables that affect women’s perceptions of security and expectations of bystanders. The analysis produced a four-factor model for women+. The strongest factor in the women+ model was Community, followed by Authority, Confidence, then Vigilance. The women+ model suggests bystander and community support is an important expectation for women using public transport, affecting their perception of security and self-efficacy. For comparison and to gain insight into the role men may have as bystanders, we performed factor analysis on responses from men. The resulting three-factor model included factors for Confidence, Authority, and Vigilance. The strength of the Confidence factor for men suggests there is space for calling men in as bystanders who are informed and willing to act. Overall, study findings indicate that anti-harassment strategies can be strengthened by building an active bystander community, bolstering support for vulnerable riders, and helping establish harassment as an unacceptable form of passenger behavior.
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