Admissibility of illegally obtained evidence in money laundering cases in Pakistan

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and evaluate the current legal position on the admissibility of illegally obtained evidence in money laundering cases in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive exploratory analytical examination indicates that illegally collected evidence from money laundering offences can be considered acceptable as long as it does not compromise the fairness of the judicial process or the right to a fair trial. Findings The admissibility and exclusion of illegally obtained evidence in money laundering cases are primarily governed by the rule of admissibility due to the absence of written or codified regulations in Pakistan. Originality/value The Pakistani Criminal Justice System has always depended on well-established admissibility rules to determine the acceptance or rejection of illegally obtained evidence. For many years, courts have exercised their discretion to allow illegally obtained evidence to be admitted using the relevance test. Additionally, they have also shown their discretion by excluding highly unfavourable material. Illegally obtained evidence may be considered admissible if it is relevant to the matter in issue. Illegally obtained evidence from an act related to illegal actions or a predicate offence in money laundering might impact the prosecution's case and, in turn, protect a defendant's right to a fair trial.