Telepsychiatry Current Practice and Implications for Future Trends: A 2023 American Psychiatric Association Member Survey.

Introduction: Although telehealth was a viable means of delivering psychiatric care even before the COVID-19 public health emergency, flexibilities at the federal and state levels during the pandemic prompted mass adoption in a short timeframe. Little is known about how psychiatrists plan to offer care going forward and to what degree services will be offered virtually, in-person, or in a hybrid format. Methods: We conducted a survey of American Psychiatric Association (APA) members regarding telepsychiatry practice and potential barriers. Results: The survey was completed by 1,660 APA members. Most survey respondents (94%) conduct at least some telepsychiatry. Most respondents indicate operating in a hybrid environment in which they maintain a physical practice location, while 16% indicate that they do not have a physical practice and only see patients remotely. Across all setting types, 82% of respondents deliver telehealth via all or mostly video; 11% report conducting telehealth visits via mostly audio-only modalities; and 7% report equal usage of both modalities. Barriers to telepsychiatry noted by respondents include limited reimbursement, state medical licensure, federal and state regulations regarding controlled substance prescribing via telehealth, and technical challenges. Conclusion: Results of this survey of APA members show that the majority conduct at least some telepsychiatry; operate in a hybrid environment; and deliver telehealth via all or mostly video. Reported barriers to telepsychiatry practice include legal, regulatory, reimbursement, and technical issues. The future of telepsychiatry may largely be determined by which legal, regulatory, and reimbursement flexibilities are ended, extended temporarily, or made permanent.