Network pharmacology and biological verification of morusin's therapeutic mechanisms in inhibiting nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to its aggressive nature and limited treatment options. Although morusin, a compound found in traditional Chinese medicines, exhibits significant tumor-inhibiting properties, its specific effects on NPC proliferation remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the inhibitory effects of morusin on NPC survival and proliferation while exploring the underlying mechanisms through the utilization of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation in vitro and in vivo. Network pharmacology analysis identified 117 potential targets of morusin against NPC, with 8 hub targets including AKT1, BCL2, CASP3, CTNNB1, ESR1, HSP90AA1, MMP9, STAT3, and the IL-17 signaling pathway. Further investigation of public data indicated that the expression levels of BLC2, CASP3, CTNNB1, HSP90AA1, and STAT3 in NPC tissue were significantly elevated compared to normal nasopharyngeal tissue. Docking studies exposed robust binding activity between morusin and key gene molecules. Additionally, biological assays demonstrated that morusin effectively inhibits NPC growth both in vivo and in vitro. Through a comprehensive investigation, this study identified the pharmacological mechanisms essential for morusin-induced inhibition of NPC growth by targeting multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways. These findings show the potential to contribute to the development of novel clinical agents for treating NPC.