在阿塔卡马沙漠的地貌尺度上,共生藻类 "特雷布夏 "为连贯的土壤生态系统提供了动力。

IF 6.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY
Patrick Jung, Rebekah Brand, Laura Briegel-Williams, Lina Werner, Emily Jost, Guillaume Lentendu, David Singer, Rujuta Athavale, Dennis J Nürnberg, Fernando D Alfaro, Burkhard Büdel, Michael Lakatos
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引用次数: 0

摘要

生物地壳是地衣、绿藻、蓝藻、真菌和其他微生物的结合体,在不同比例的主要干旱生物群落的土壤中生长。所谓的砂砾结壳是最近在智利阿塔卡马沙漠海岸山脉发现的一种生物结壳,由生长在花岗岩卵石上和卵石中的微生物组成,在地形上形成肉眼可见的棋盘图案。这种特殊的微生物群落提供了广泛的生态系统服务,所有这些服务可能都是由雾和露水引起的光合作用活动驱动的,而光合作用活动主要是由微型栗鼠进行的。为了了解其生物多样性及其影响,我们对该生物群的光营养微生物组采用了一种多相方法,将地衣光附生虫的分离和特征描述、基于直接测序和显微照相方法的光附生虫和霉菌的多基因系统发育、元条码和叶绿素+b含量的测定结合起来。元条码显示,钙华科地衣属中尚未被描述的地衣在生物覆盖层中占主导地位,而真核菌(Trebouxia)是所有地块中最丰富的真核生物。加上平均叶绿素+b 含量超过 410 毫克/平方米-2,共生藻类树袋藻成为砂壳生态系统的主要驱动力。根据相应分离物的独特系统发育位置、形态特征和发育周期,确定了包含五个潜在候选物种的几个系。这些结果表明,砂砾结壳是唯一已知的连贯土壤层,具有重要的景观覆盖影响,面积至少达 440 平方公里,主要由单一共生藻属统治。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The symbiotic alga Trebouxia fuels a coherent soil ecosystem on the landscape scale in the Atacama Desert.

Biocrusts represent associations of lichens, green algae, cyanobacteria, fungi and other microorganisms, colonizing soils in varying proportions of principally arid biomes. The so-called grit crust represents a recently discovered type of biocrust situated in the Coastal Range of the Atacama Desert (Chile) made of microorganisms growing on and in granitoid pebbles, resulting in a checkerboard pattern visible to the naked eye on the landscape scale. This specific microbiome fulfills a broad range of ecosystem services, all probably driven by fog and dew-induced photosynthetic activity of mainly micro-lichens. To understand its biodiversity and impact, we applied a polyphasic approach on the phototrophic microbiome of this biocrust, combining isolation and characterization of the lichen photobionts, multi-gene phylogeny of the photobionts and mycobionts based on a direct sequencing and microphotography approach, metabarcoding and determination of chlorophylla+b contents. Metabarcoding showed that yet undescribed lichens within the Caliciaceae dominated the biocrust together with Trebouxia as the most abundant eukaryote in all plots. Together with high mean chlorophylla+b contents exceeding 410 mg m-2, this distinguished the symbiotic algae Trebouxia as the main driver of the grit crust ecosystem. The trebouxioid photobionts could be assigned to the I (T. impressa/gelatinosa) and A (T. arboricola) clades and represented several lineages containing five potential species candidates, which were identified based on the unique phylogenetic position, morphological features, and developmental cycles of the corresponding isolates. These results designate the grit crust as the only known coherent soil layer with significant landscape covering impact of at least 440 km2, predominantly ruled by a single symbiotic algal genus.

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来源期刊
Environmental Microbiome
Environmental Microbiome Immunology and Microbiology-Microbiology
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
2.50%
发文量
55
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Microorganisms, omnipresent across Earth's diverse environments, play a crucial role in adapting to external changes, influencing Earth's systems and cycles, and contributing significantly to agricultural practices. Through applied microbiology, they offer solutions to various everyday needs. Environmental Microbiome recognizes the universal presence and significance of microorganisms, inviting submissions that explore the diverse facets of environmental and applied microbiological research.
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