心血管疾病中的人体肠道微生物群。

IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY
Daniel Ronen, Yair Rokach, Suzan Abedat, Abed Qadan, Samar Daana, Offer Amir, Rabea Asleh
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引用次数: 0

摘要

肠道生态系统被称为微生物群,由细菌、古生菌、病毒、原生动物和真菌组成,其数量估计超过人体细胞。微生物群可通过多种机制影响宿主,包括合成代谢物和毒素、调节炎症以及与其他生物相互作用。在了解共生生物对人体状况的影响方面取得的进展也阐明了这一群落对心血管疾病(CVD)的重要性。这种影响既有对心血管疾病的直接影响,也有已知会增加心血管疾病风险的情况,如肥胖、糖尿病(DM)、高血压以及肾脏和肝脏疾病。心肌活性代谢物,如三甲胺 N-氧化物(TMAO)、短链脂肪酸(SCFA)、脂多糖、胆汁酸和尿毒症毒素,可影响动脉粥样硬化、血小板活化和炎症,导致心血管疾病发病率增加。有趣的是,这种相互作用是双向的,微生物群受到多种宿主条件的影响,包括饮食、胆汁酸分泌和影响肠道屏障的多种疾病。这种相互依存的关系使操纵微生物群成为降低冠心病风险的一个有吸引力的选择。事实上,不断发展的数据表明,从低红肉和地中海饮食中观察到的益处至少可以部分地解释为这些饮食可能对肠道微生物群产生的变化。在本文中,我们描述了目前对微生物群和心血管疾病作用的流行病学和机理认识。最后,我们讨论了旨在操纵肠道微生物群以改善心血管疾病预后的潜在治疗方法。© 2024 美国生理学会。Compr Physiol 14:5449-5490, 2024.
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Human Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Disease.

The gut ecosystem, termed microbiota, is composed of bacteria, archaea, viruses, protozoa, and fungi and is estimated to outnumber human cells. Microbiota can affect the host by multiple mechanisms, including the synthesis of metabolites and toxins, modulating inflammation and interaction with other organisms. Advances in understanding commensal organisms' effect on human conditions have also elucidated the importance of this community for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This effect is driven by both direct CV effects and conditions known to increase CV risk, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and renal and liver diseases. Cardioactive metabolites, such as trimethylamine N -oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), lipopolysaccharides, bile acids, and uremic toxins, can affect atherosclerosis, platelet activation, and inflammation, resulting in increased CV incidence. Interestingly, this interaction is bidirectional with microbiota affected by multiple host conditions including diet, bile acid secretion, and multiple diseases affecting the gut barrier. This interdependence makes manipulating microbiota an attractive option to reduce CV risk. Indeed, evolving data suggest that the benefits observed from low red meat and Mediterranean diet consumption can be explained, at least partially, by the changes that these diets may have on the gut microbiota. In this article, we depict the current epidemiological and mechanistic understanding of the role of microbiota and CVD. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic approaches aimed at manipulating gut microbiota to improve CV outcomes. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5449-5490, 2024.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
38
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Comprehensive Physiology is the most authoritative and comprehensive collection of physiology information ever assembled, and uses the most powerful features of review journals and electronic reference works to cover the latest key developments in the field, through the most authoritative articles on the subjects covered. This makes Comprehensive Physiology a valued reference work on the evolving science of physiology for both researchers and clinicians. It also provides a useful teaching tool for instructors and an informative resource for medical students and other students in the life and health sciences.
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