相互作用量子系统中的扩散修正

IF 11.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Alexios A. Michailidis, Dmitry A. Abanin, Luca V. Delacrétaz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在相互作用的经典和量子系统中,如何达到平衡是一个具有挑战性的理论和实验问题。表征平衡的一个有用的组织原则是耗散普遍性类,其中最普遍的是扩散。在本文中,我们利用扩散的有效场理论(EFT)系统地获得了扩散的普遍幂律修正。然后,我们利用经典和量子系统的大规模模拟来探索它们的有效性。特别是,在有粒子-空穴对称性和无粒子-空穴对称性的系统中,当存在单U(1)或SU(2)电荷时,我们找到了动力学结构因子⟨n(x,t)n⟩修正的普遍缩放函数,并提出了将计算推广到多电荷的框架。经典模拟显示出与 EFT 预测的次导修正的显著一致性,将热化系统有效理论的精确测试推向了前所未有的高度。转到量子系统,我们在具有守恒磁化的单元和噪声一维 Floquet 系统中进行了大规模张量网络模拟。我们发现了与 EFT 的定性一致,而在有噪声系统中,这种定性一致变成了定量一致。此外,我们还展示了 EFT 修正知识如何允许拟合方法,从而改进模拟和实验可获得的中间时间的输运参数估计。最后,我们探讨了量子系统中的非线性响应,发现 EFT 可以准确预测其行为。我们的研究结果为更好地理解热化系统中的非线性现象奠定了基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Corrections to Diffusion in Interacting Quantum Systems

Corrections to Diffusion in Interacting Quantum Systems
The approach to equilibrium in interacting classical and quantum systems is a challenging problem of both theoretical and experimental interest. One useful organizing principle characterizing equilibration is the dissipative universality class, the most prevalent one being diffusion. In this paper, we use the effective field theory (EFT) of diffusion to systematically obtain universal power-law corrections to diffusion. We then employ large-scale simulations of classical and quantum systems to explore their validity. In particular, we find universal scaling functions for the corrections to the dynamical structure factor n(x,t)n, in the presence of a single U(1) or SU(2) charge in systems with and without particle-hole symmetry, and present the framework to generalize the calculation to multiple charges. Classical simulations show remarkable agreement with EFT predictions for subleading corrections, pushing precision tests of effective theories for thermalizing systems to an unprecedented level. Moving to quantum systems, we perform large-scale tensor-network simulations in unitary and noisy 1D Floquet systems with conserved magnetization. We find a qualitative agreement with EFT, which becomes quantitative in the case of noisy systems. Additionally, we show how the knowledge of EFT corrections allows for fitting methods, which can improve the estimation of transport parameters at the intermediate times accessible by simulations and experiments. Finally, we explore nonlinear response in quantum systems and find that EFT provides an accurate prediction for its behavior. Our results provide a basis for a better understanding of the nonlinear phenomena present in thermalizing systems.
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来源期刊
Physical Review X
Physical Review X PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
24.60
自引率
1.60%
发文量
197
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Physical Review X (PRX) stands as an exclusively online, fully open-access journal, emphasizing innovation, quality, and enduring impact in the scientific content it disseminates. Devoted to showcasing a curated selection of papers from pure, applied, and interdisciplinary physics, PRX aims to feature work with the potential to shape current and future research while leaving a lasting and profound impact in their respective fields. Encompassing the entire spectrum of physics subject areas, PRX places a special focus on groundbreaking interdisciplinary research with broad-reaching influence.
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