牛践踏对栖息在巴西南部雷辛加森林中的食果蝴蝶群结构的间接影响

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI:10.3390/d16080467
Cristiano Agra Iserhard, Taiane Schwantz, Mariana Centeno Gallo, Marco Silva Gottschalk, Kauane Maiara Bordin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类活动的影响正在以惊人的速度增加,导致生物多样性丧失和原生栖息地的迁移。畜牧业是造成人类干扰的主要因素之一,它通过放牧和践踏使原生栖息地退化。为了了解这些影响,我们调查了牛群践踏对巴西南部雷斯廷加森林中以果实为食的蝴蝶的结构和多样性的影响。我们探讨了养牛对蝴蝶多样性和组成的影响,确定了指示物种,并研究了环境变量对蝴蝶丰富度、优势度、丰度和物种组成的影响。我们的数据集包括从 2014 年到 2019 年对雷斯廷加森林中以果实为食的蝴蝶进行的长期监测,涉及牛群践踏造成的低、中、高干扰水平的地点。我们发现,中度和高度干扰会增加蝴蝶的丰富度和丰度,而低度干扰则会降低丰度。此外,中度到高度干扰地点的蝴蝶物种组成与保留下来的雷斯廷加森林中的蝴蝶物种组成不同,这表明任何干扰都会明显改变α和β多样性参数。这些变化简化了原始森林结构,打开了树冠,破坏了林下空间,有利于与受干扰森林相关的常见蝴蝶物种。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Indirect Effects of Cattle Trampling on the Structure of Fruit-Feeding Butterfly Assemblages Inhabiting Restinga Forests in Southern Brazil
The impacts of anthropogenic activities are increasing at alarming rates, leading to biodiversity loss and the displacement of native habitats. One of the main contributors to human disturbances is livestock farming, which degrades native habitats through cattle grazing and trampling. To understand these impacts, we investigated the effects of cattle trampling on the structure and diversity of fruit-feeding butterflies in Restinga forests of southern Brazil. We addressed questions regarding the effects of cattle raising on butterfly diversity and composition, identified indicator species, and examined the influence of environmental variables on butterfly richness, dominance, abundance, and species composition. Our dataset comprises the long-term monitoring of fruit-feeding butterflies in Restinga forests from 2014 to 2019, across sites with low, medium, and high levels of disturbance due to cattle trampling. We found that medium and high levels of disturbance increased butterfly richness and abundance, whereas low-level disturbance was associated with lower abundance. Additionally, the species composition of butterflies in medium to highly disturbed sites differed from that in preserved Restinga forests, indicating that any perturbation can markedly alter alpha and beta diversity parameters. These changes simplify the native forest structure, open the canopy, disrupt the understory, and favor butterfly species commonly associated with disturbed forests.
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