不同人为污染源对南极海洋小型底栖生物群落结构和分布的影响

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI:10.3390/d16080464
Débora A.A. França, Jeroen Ingels, Jonathan S. Stark, Renan B. da Silva, Flávia J.L. de França, Giovanni A.P. dos Santos
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摘要

尽管现有资料有限,但人类对南极海洋生态系统的影响日益受到关注。本研究调查了南极洲东部 10 个地点的沿岸小型底栖生物和环境参数,其中 4 个地点(OB1、OB2、OB3 和 McGrady)为参照点,6 个地点(Wharf、Wilkes、BBIN、BBMID、BBOUT 和 Shannon)在过去和现在受到不同程度的人类活动影响。对金属、总石油碳氢化合物 (TPHs)、多溴联苯醚 (PBDEs)、多氯联苯 (PCBs)、粒度、有机物含量和营养物质等环境变量进行了测量分析。与参考地点(OB1、OB2、OB3 和 McGrady)相比,靠近人类活动的地点污染物(金属、TPHs、PBDEs、PCBs)浓度更高,小型底栖生物多样性的变化也更大。在受凯西站废物倾倒影响的区域(布朗湾),与最近的地点(BBIN)相比,离污染源最远的地点(BBOUT)的小型底栖生物群落表现出更大的多样性。除金属和 TPHs 外,颗粒大小也与群落模式相关,更细的沉积物与受影响更严重的地点相关,有利于有毒化合物的积累。这些结果有助于了解污染物对南极沿海生态系统小型底栖生物生物多样性的作用和影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Impact of Different Sources of Anthropogenic Pollution on the Structure and Distribution of Antarctic Marine Meiofauna Communities
Human influence on Antarctic marine ecosystems is a growing concern, despite limited information being available. This study investigated the coastal meiofauna and environmental parameters of 10 locations, 4 of which served as reference points (OB1, OB2, OB3, and McGrady) and 6 which were impacted by different levels of human activity in the past and present (Wharf, Wilkes, BBIN, BBMID, BBOUT, and Shannon) in East Antarctica. Environmental variables such as metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), grain size, organic matter content, and nutrients were measured for analysis. Locations close to human activities showed higher concentrations of pollutants (metals, TPHs, PBDEs, PCBs) and greater variations in meiofauna diversity compared to the reference sites (OB1, OB2, OB3, and McGrady). In the area impacted by the Casey Station waste dump (Brown Bay), the meiofauna community at the location furthest from the pollution (BBOUT) source exhibited greater diversity compared to the closest location (BBIN). In addition to metals and TPHs, particle size was also correlated with community patterns, with finer sediments associated with more impacted sites, facilitating the accumulation of toxic compounds. These results contribute to the understanding of the role and impact of pollutants on meiofauna biodiversity in Antarctic coastal ecosystems.
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