On homogeneous Newton-Sobolev spaces of functions in metric measure spaces of uniformly locally controlled geometry

We study the large-scale behavior of Newton-Sobolev functions on complete, connected, proper, separable metric measure spaces equipped with a Borel measure $\mu$ with $\mu(X) = \infty$ and $0 < \mu(B(x, r)) < \infty$ for all $x \in X$ and $r \in (0, \infty)$ Our objective is to understand the relationship between the Dirichlet space $D^{1,p}(X)$, defined using upper gradients, and the Newton-Sobolev space $N^{1,p}(X)+\mathbb{R}$, for $1\le p<\infty$. We show that when $X$ is of uniformly locally $p$-controlled geometry, these two spaces do not coincide under a wide variety of geometric and potential theoretic conditions. We also show that when the metric measure space is the standard hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^n$ with $n\ge 2$, these two spaces coincide precisely when $1\le p\le n-1$. We also provide additional characterizations of when a function in $D^{1,p}(X)$ is in $N^{1,p}(X)+\mathbb{R}$ in the case that the two spaces do not coincide.