Nature inspired optimization algorithms for medical image segmentation: a comprehensive review

Image segmentation is the process of splitting a digital image into distinct segments or categories based on shared characteristics like texture, color, and intensity. Its primary aim is to simplify the image for easier analysis while preserving its important features. Each pixel in the image is assigned a label, grouped together by pixels with similar traits together. Segmentation helps to delineate boundaries and identify objects such as curves or lines within the image. The process generates a series of segmented images that cover the entire original image. This article reviews emerging applications of image segmentation in medical diagnostics, specifically employing nature-inspired optimization algorithms (NIOAs). It begins by outlining different segmentation methods and NIOAs types, then by examining relevant databases and medical imaging technologies. The study draws on a diverse range of research sources. Finally, this paper briefly discusses the challenges and future trends of medical image segmentation using NIOAs to detect different diseases.