泥盆纪大洋缺氧机制探索:海洋动力学、古地理学和轨道强迫的影响

IF 3.8 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Justin Gérard, Loïc Sablon, Jarno J. C. Huygh, Anne-Christine Da Silva, Alexandre Pohl, Christian Vérard, Michel Crucifix
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要泥盆纪是距今 4.19 亿至 3.59 亿年前(Ma)的一个比现在温暖的地质时期,其特点是发生了多次已查明的海洋缺氧/缺氧事件。尽管经过数十年的广泛调查,人们仍未就这些缺氧事件的驱动因素达成共识。虽然越来越多的地质学证据证明了这一时期天文强迫与缺氧之间的时间相关性,但潜在的物理机制仍然未知,因此对因果关系提出了质疑。在这里,我们利用一个中等复杂程度的地球系统模型(cGENIE)进行了多种敏感性实验,以分离泥盆纪气候和古地理的特定成分对海洋含氧量的影响,从而有助于更好地理解导致海洋缺氧的各种因素之间错综复杂的相互作用。我们量化了泥盆纪期间大陆构造、海洋-大气生物地球化学(全球平均海洋 PO4 浓度和大气 pO2)、气候强迫(pCO2)和天文强迫对背景海洋环流和含氧量的影响。我们的研究结果表明,大陆构造对泥盆纪海洋缺氧现象至关重要,在显著影响大洋环流和含氧量的同时,还不断调节泥盆纪其他气候要素(如大洋 PO4 浓度、大气 pO2 和 pCO2 以及轨道强迫)的影响。大陆构造的演变为泥盆纪中、晚期海洋缺氧事件发生频率的增加提供了一个合理的解释,因为它导致了缺氧区的扩大。我们的模拟还表明,大气中 pO2 浓度的降低和海洋中 PO2 浓度的升高都会加剧海洋缺氧,这与已有的知识是一致的。pCO2 的变化揭示了广泛的海洋动力学模式,包括稳定振荡、多对流单元、多稳定性和滞后;所有这些都导致了海洋含氧量的显著变化,因此对海洋缺氧的先决条件产生了强烈影响。此外,多稳定性和重要的滞后(特别是缓慢的海洋时间反应)提供了不同的机制,以解释某些海洋缺氧事件持续时间较长的原因。最后,我们发现,天文作用力通过改变海洋环流和氧溶解度对海洋缺氧现象产生了重大影响,而倾角一直是驱动海洋氧气变化的主要轨道参数。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Exploring the mechanisms of Devonian oceanic anoxia: impact of ocean dynamics, palaeogeography and orbital forcing
Abstract. The Devonian is a warmer-than-present geological period spanning from 419 to 359 million years ago (Ma) characterized by multiple identified ocean anoxic/hypoxic events. Despite decades of extensive investigation, no consensus has been reached regarding the drivers of these anoxic events. While growing geological evidence has demonstrated a temporal correlation between astronomical forcing and anoxia during this period, underlying physical mechanisms remain unknown, hence questioning causality. Here, we perform multiple sensitivity experiments, using an Earth system model of intermediate complexity (cGENIE), to isolate the influences of specific Devonian climate and palaeogeography components on ocean oxygen levels, contributing to the better understanding of the intricate interplay of factors preconditioning the ocean to anoxia. We quantify the impact of continental configuration, ocean-atmosphere biogeochemistry (global mean oceanic PO4 concentration and atmospheric pO2), climatic forcing (pCO2) and astronomical forcing on background oceanic circulation and oxygenation during the Devonian. Our results indicate that continental configuration is crucial for Devonian ocean anoxia, significantly influencing ocean circulation and oxygen levels while consistently modulating the effects of other Devonian climate components such as oceanic PO4 concentration, atmospheric pO2 and pCO2, and orbital forcing. The evolution of continental configuration provides a plausible explanation for the increased frequency of ocean anoxic events identified during the Middle and Late Devonian periods, as it contributed to the expansion of oxygen-depleted zones. Our simulations also show that both the decreased atmospheric pO2 and increased oceanic PO2 concentration exacerbate ocean anoxia, consistent with established knowledge. The variation of pCO2 reveals a wide range of ocean dynamics patterns, including stable oscillations, multiple convection cells, multistability and hysteresis; all leading to significant variations of the ocean oxygen levels, therefore strongly impacting the preconditioning of the ocean to anoxia. Furthermore, multistability and important hysteresis (particularly slow ocean time response) offer different mechanisms to account for the prolonged duration of some ocean anoxic events. Finally, we found that astronomical forcing substantially impacts ocean anoxia by altering ocean circulation and oxygen solubility, with obliquity consistently emerging as the primary orbital parameter driving ocean oxygen variations.
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来源期刊
Climate of The Past
Climate of The Past 地学-气象与大气科学
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
14.00%
发文量
120
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Climate of the Past (CP) is a not-for-profit international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of research articles, short communications, and review papers on the climate history of the Earth. CP covers all temporal scales of climate change and variability, from geological time through to multidecadal studies of the last century. Studies focusing mainly on present and future climate are not within scope. The main subject areas are the following: reconstructions of past climate based on instrumental and historical data as well as proxy data from marine and terrestrial (including ice) archives; development and validation of new proxies, improvements of the precision and accuracy of proxy data; theoretical and empirical studies of processes in and feedback mechanisms between all climate system components in relation to past climate change on all space scales and timescales; simulation of past climate and model-based interpretation of palaeoclimate data for a better understanding of present and future climate variability and climate change.
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