构词法在理解可预测性测量中的作用及其与单词持续时间的对应关系

IF 1.8 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
Joan Bybee, Earl Kjar Brown
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对上下文中单词可预测性的研究表明,如果英语中的单词可以从下一个单词中预测出来,那么这些单词的长度往往较短,如果可以从上一个单词中预测出来,那么这些单词的长度则较短。有些研究对功能词和内容词进行了区分,但没有考虑语法因素,而是将所有双词序列视为可比的。由于功能词的出现频率很高,因此与它们一起出现的词的可预测性很低。可预测性最高的是包含两个内容词的大词组。通过使用 Buckeye 语料库,我们发现不同结构的内容词大词组在可预测性方面差异很大,其中形容词-名词和名词-名词序列(名词短语中的内容词)的得分最高。众所周知,在形容词-名词序列中,形容词的元音比其他位置的元音短。我们研究了名词短语中的名词-名词序列,结果表明第一个名词比其他语境中的名词短。由此可见,在很多情况下,当第一个词与第二个词的时长可预测时,第一个词的时长较短是由于名词短语的结构造成的,而不一定是与可预测信息和不可预测信息相对应的时长调节造成的。我们的结论是,可预测性研究必须考虑词语出现的结构。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The role of constructions in understanding predictability measures and their correspondence to word duration
Studies of word predictability in context show that words in English tend to be shorter if they are predictable from the next word, and to a lesser extent, if they are predictable from the previous word. Some studies distinguish function and content words, but otherwise have not considered grammatical factors, treating all two-word sequences as comparable. Because function words are highly frequent, words occurring with them have low predictability. Highest predictability occurs within bigrams with two content words. Using the Buckeye corpus, we show that content word bigrams from different constructions vary widely in predictability, with adjective–noun and noun–noun sequences (content words within a noun phrase) having the highest scores. It is known that in adjective–noun sequences, the vowel of the adjective is shorter than in other positions. We study noun–noun sequences within the noun phrase and show that the first noun is shorter than in other contexts. It follows that the shorter duration of the first word when it is predictable from the second in many cases is due to the noun phrase construction and not necessarily the regulation of duration corresponding to predictable versus unpredictable information. We conclude that predictability studies must consider the constructions words occur in.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
17.60%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: Cognitive Linguistics presents a forum for linguistic research of all kinds on the interaction between language and cognition. The journal focuses on language as an instrument for organizing, processing and conveying information. Cognitive Linguistics is a peer-reviewed journal of international scope and seeks to publish only works that represent a significant advancement to the theory or methods of cognitive linguistics, or that present an unknown or understudied phenomenon. Topics the structural characteristics of natural language categorization (such as prototypicality, cognitive models, metaphor, and imagery); the functional principles of linguistic organization, as illustrated by iconicity; the conceptual interface between syntax and semantics; the experiential background of language-in-use, including the cultural background; the relationship between language and thought, including matters of universality and language specificity.
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