The persistence of high rates of child marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, and Asia: A scoping review.

While there is evidence that child marriage (CM) is reducing globally, rates in many contexts remain far too high. To understand the persistence of high rates of CM, we searched multiple databases for peer-reviewed, English language articles published between 2000 and 2023. High CM rates are continuing in circumstances of tenacious unequal gender norms, widespread poverty, limited schooling and economic prospects for girls, and weak awareness and enforcement of CM laws. Other contributing factors were opposition to women and girls' sexual, bodily, and reproductive rights; weak birth registration systems; a high proportion of women who married young in previous generations; early puberty; improved girls' agency; and the growing number of boys and young men who, having acquired locally prized masculinity resources, feel compelled to marry. We highlight the implications of the review findings for future research, policy and programmatic efforts aimed at addressing the persistence of CM.