开放的理性:四分之一世纪之后(纪念弗拉基米尔-施维列夫诞辰 90 周年)

IF 0.2 4区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY
Vladimir Porus
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引用次数: 0

摘要

文章分析了什维列夫教授(V.S. Shvyrev,1934-2008 年)在发展理性理论方面的贡献。20 世纪 70-80 年代,他在国内认识论研究的词库中引入了 "开放理性 "的概念,批判性地从理性是遵守一套固定不变的标准("封闭理性")这一观点出发。理性的 "封闭性 "与古典理性主义的神学和形而上学渊源有关,而古典理性主义在现代世界的危机已昭然若揭。将 "封闭性 "绝对化会导致教条主义,从而阻碍发展。这不仅适用于科学知识,也适用于所有形式的社会生活、精神和实践活动。理性的开放性是对这些标准进行批判性反思的结果,为改变其体系创造了可能性。批判性反思是理性的原因,同时也是理性的必然结果,是知识和社会体系发展的动力。"封闭的 "和 "开放的 "理性在意义上是相关的,是可以相互定义的概念,它们构成了 "互补性"(按照 N. 玻尔的方法论原则)。理性不仅是一种方法论原则,也是一种文化价值观。因此,它的 "开放性 "使文化的发展成为问题。在这方面,批判性反思发挥着过滤器的作用,防止以表达各种私人利益的价值判断取代理性标准。什维列夫(V.S. Shvyrev)在其著作中概述了理性问题的这种处理方法,开辟了文化历史认识论的前景,它将逻辑学与方法论、文化史与文化哲学、知识哲学联系在一起。通过这种联系,可以对有关知识和社会体系发展的特殊科学(历史学、社会学和心理学)数据进行多层次的认识论解释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Open Rationality: A Quarter of a Century Later (To the 90th Anniversary of Vladimir Schvyrev)
The article analyses the contribution of professor V.S. Shvyrev (1934–2008) in the development of the theory of rationality. In the 1970s–80s, he introduced the concept of “open rationality” into the thesaurus of domestic epistemological research, critically starting from the idea of rationality as a compliance with a fixed set of unchanging criteria (“closed rationality”). The “closedness” of ra­tionality is associated with the theological and metaphysical origins of classical rationalism, the crisis of which in the modern world has become obvious. Absol­utization of “closedness” leads to dogmatism, which inhibits development. This applies not only to scientific knowledge, but also to all forms of social life, men­tal and practical activity. Openness of rationality is the result of critical reflection in relation to these criteria, creating the possibility of changing their system. Critical reflection is the cause and, at the same time, a necessary consequence of rationality, the driving force for the development of knowledge and social sys­tems. “Closed” and “open” rationality are related in meaning and are mutually definable concepts that make up “complementarity” (in the spirit of N. Bohr’s methodological principle). Rationality is not only a methodological principle but also a cultural value. Тherefore, its “openness” problematizes the development of culture. In this regard, critical reflection plays the role of a filter that protects against replacing the criteria of rationality with value judgments expressing vari­ous private interests. Such an approach to the problem of rationality, outlined in the works of V.S. Shvyrev, opens up the prospect of cultural-historical episte­mology, which connects logic and methodology, history and philosophy of cul­ture, philosophy of knowledge. This connection allows for a multilevel epi­stemological interpretation of special scientific (historical, sociological, and psychological) data on developing knowledge and social systems.
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来源期刊
VOPROSY FILOSOFII
VOPROSY FILOSOFII PHILOSOPHY-
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
50.00%
发文量
100
期刊介绍: "Вопросы философии" - академическое научное издание, центральный философский журнал в России. В настоящее время является органом Президиума Российской Академии Наук. Журнал "Вопросы философии" исторически тесно связан с Институтом философии РАН. Выходит ежемесячно. Журнал был основан в июле 1947 г. Интернет-версия журнала запущена в мае 2009 года.
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