对地球遥感小型卫星所载合成孔径雷达参数的要求

O. Volosheniuk, O.O. Pyrozhenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目前用于地球遥感的小型卫星在解决社会经济和国防领域的各种问题方面得到了广泛的实际应用。为了降低地球遥感信息的成本,有理由使用小型卫星作为组建大型星群和由多个航天器或单个航天器组成的星群的基础。电子元件的微型化和最新的技术进步使雷达系统与小型卫星兼容。本文的目的是以小型卫星为基础,介绍雷达系统关键参数的计算表达式及其分析,并计算所考虑的参数的可能值。原则上考虑了使用合成孔径雷达(SAR)的可能性。本文概述了互联网资料来源,这些资料来源提供了有关最新趋势、技术和使用配备合成孔径雷达的卫星的广泛信息。特别关注了配备 X 波段合成孔径雷达的小型和微型航天器的发展情况,尤其是在条带图和聚光灯模式下的运行情况。介绍了影响合成孔径雷达能否产生高质量图像的关键参数。以 ICEYE 小卫星星座为例,介绍了配备有源相控阵天线的现代雷达系统的重要技术特征和参数。考虑了条带图模式下的合成孔径雷达成像模型。在近似矩形天线孔径的情况下,给出了估算倾斜和水平测距分辨率以及方位角分辨率的表达式。估算了小卫星合成孔径雷达脉冲重复频率的可用范围。提出了最大扫描带宽度和最小合成孔径雷达脉冲重复频率之间的关系。给出了估算天线尺寸、合成孔径雷达灵敏度和信噪比的表达式。利用所给出的表达式可以分析微型卫星合成孔径雷达的主要技术特征和参数对小型卫星的设计和功率特征以及轨道参数的影响。所获得的结果使我们有可能就家用低轨道卫星及其星座的成像设备设计提出建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Requirements for the parameters of synthetic aperture radars onboard small satellites for Earth remote sensing
Present-day small satellites for Earth remote sensing have found wide practical application in solving different problems in the socio-economic and defense areas. The use of small satellites is justified as a basis for the formation both of large constellations and constellations of several spacecraft or single spacecraft with the aim to reduce the cost of Earth remote sensing information. The miniaturization of electron components and the latest technological advances have made radar systems compatible with small satellites. The goal of this paper is to present, based on small satellites, expressions for calculating the key parameters of radar systems and their analysis and to calculate possible values of the parameters considered. Possibilities in principle of using synthetic aperture radars (SARs) are considered. The paper presents an overview of Internet sources that give broad information on the recent trends, technologies, and use SAR-equipped satellites. Particular attention is paid to the development of mini- and microspacecraft with X-band SARs operating, in particular, in the stripmap and spotlight modes. The key parameters that have an effect on the SAR possibility of producing high-quality images are presented. By the example of the ICEYE constellation of small satellites, important technical characteristics and parameters of modern radar systems equipped with an active phased array antenna are presented. A model of SAR imaging in the stripmap mode is considered. In the approximation of a rectangular antenna aperture, expressions are given to estimate the slant and the horizontal range resolution and the azimuthal resolution. The available range of the small-satellite SAR pulse repetition frequency is estimated. Relationships between the maximum swath width and the minimum SAR pulse repetition frequency are presented. Expressions are given to estimate the antenna dimensions, the SAR sensitivity, and the signal-to-noise ratio. The presented expressions allow one to analyze the effect of the main technical characteristics and parameters of minisatellite SARs on the design and power characteristics of small satellites and the orbit parameters. The obtained results make it possible to develop recommendations on the design of imaging equipment for home low-orbit satellites and their constellations.
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