An analysis of early childhood teachers' subjective perception regarding digital competency: Q-methodological approach

Objectives This study categorized the perception of early childhood teachers and analyzed the characteristics of each type by applying Q-methodology to find out the digital competencies perceived by early childhood teachers. Methods To this end, in order to analyze literature and extract Q samples, an open-ended survey was conducted with 102 early childhood teachers working at early childhood education institutions located in the Jeonbuk region as the Q population. Among the 102 research subjects, a total of 98 Q populations were formed excluding missing values, and a total of 36 Q samples were extracted through a categorization process. After extracting the Q sample, the Q sample statements were classified for the P sample of 36 current early childhood teachers. The data collected from the P sample of 36 people were scored from 1 point of strong disagreement to 9 points of strong agreement, and factor analysis was performed using the SPSS 29.0 program. Results As a result of the study, early childhood teachers' perception of digital competencies was divided into four types. Type 1 was named competency based on digital citizenship and understanding, Type 2 was named competency to use technology based on digital safety, Type 3 was named cooperation and communication competency using digital technology, and Type 4 was class operation and management competency based on digital responsibility and rights. Conclusions It is expected that this study will provide basic data for digital competency enhancement programs and teacher training suitable for early childhood teachers' perception types.