Qalaee (Stannum) metallic origin element, its chemical compounds, action, therapeutic uses, adverse effect and pharmacological activity studies: A Review

Qalaee is Unani name of tin (stannum), which is a metallic element, belongs to group 14 of periodic table. Atomic number of tin is 50 and its atomic mass is 119. Qalaee (Tin) consist two types of compounds, inorganic tin compounds and organic tin compounds. Several toxic and adverse effect studies of Qalaee (stannum) have been reported such as, Respiratory Effects, Gastrointestinal Effects, Haematological Effects, Renal Effects, Dermal Effects, Ocular Effects, Immunological and Lymph reticular Effects, Neurological Effects, Cardiovascular Effects, Body weight effect and reproductive effects. Some studies on different pharmacological activities of tin also reported like, antibacterial activity, anticancer activity and anti-parasitic activity. In traditional system of medicine Qalaee is used in the form of Kusta or Bhasm for various disorders such as spermatorrhoea, excessive nocturnal emission, premature ejaculation and Syphilis etc. Its important Unani formulation is Kusta qalaee. Keyword: Qalaee (Stannum), Action and Therapeutic use, adverse effect, Pharmacological action