为接受胃切除术的老年人制定饮食教育计划及其效果:迪克和凯里教学设计模式

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摘要

目的 在本研究中,我根据迪克和凯里的教学设计模式,为接受胃切除术的老年人开发并应用了饮食教育计划,以确定其对营养状况(体重、PG-SGA)、饮食知识和生活质量的影响。方法 本研究是一项采用非等效对照组前测-后测设计的准实验研究,包括 96 名接受胃切除术的老年人。实验组(47 人)接受本研究制定的饮食教育计划(4 次,每次 50 分钟),对照组(49 人)接受医院的常规教育计划(1 次,每次 20 分钟)。收集到的数据采用重复测量方差分析来检验研究假设。结果 实验组对体重(F=11.38,p<.001)、PG-SGA(F=6.83,p<.001)和饮食知识(F=4.21,p=.028)有明显影响。在生活质量方面,实验组与胃切除术前相比,术后 1 个月下降,术后 6 个月上升,而对照组术后 1 个月和 6 个月均下降,但无统计学意义。结论 根据迪克和凯里的教学设计模式开发的饮食教育计划可有效改善接受胃切除术的老年人的营养状况和饮食知识。因此,我们希望它能成为帮助老年人从胃切除术中恢复的有用项目。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Development and Effect of a Dietary Education Program for Older Adults undergoing Gastrectomy: The Dick and Carey Instructional Design Model
Objectives In this study, I developed and applied a dietary education program for older adults with gastrectomy based on Dick & Carey's instructional design model to determine the effects on nutritional status (weight, PG-SGA), dietary knowledge, and quality of life. Methods This study was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design and included 96 older adults undergoing gastrectomy. The experimental group (n=47) received the dietary education program developed in this study (four sessions, 50 minutes each), and the control group (n=49) received the usual hospital education program (one session, 20 minutes). The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA to examine the study hypothesis. Results There was a significant effect on body weight (F=11.38, p<.001), PG-SGA (F=6.83, p<.001), and dietary knowledge (F=4.21, p=.028) in the experimental group. For quality of life, the experimental group decreased 1 month after surgery and increased 6 months after surgery compared to before gastrectomy, while the control group decreased both 1 month and 6 months after surgery, which was not statistically significant. Conclusions A dietary education program developed based on Dick & Carey's instructional design model was found to be effective in improving nutritional status and dietary knowledge in older adults undergoing gastrectomy. Therefore, we expect it to be a useful program to help older adults recover from gastrectomy.
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