Inheritance of lipid content in rice grain (review)

Rice is an important food product for people. Milled white rice is mainly used or food purposes, but unpolished rice is also used. The cells of the aleurone layer and the embryo of the rice grain contain lipids, the presence of which strengthens the immune system and protects against heart disease and cancer, which has increased interest in them. The current paper has provided a review of the information on the study of quantitative trait loci connected with lipid content in rice grain. The study was conducted in China, Korea, and Japan from 1983 to 2021 using dihaploid lines from hybrids among rice varieties with contrasting lipid content. There was identified a correlation with QTL on 12 rice chromosomes with the help of a microsatellite marker map. Hu et al. (2004) found three QTLs for oil content located on chromosomes 1, 2, and 5. Yu et al. (2009) found four QTLs on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 8. Qin et al. (2010) mapped eight QTLs to chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9. Kim et al. (2013) found a significant QTL, qRLC5, on chromosome 5. Yun et al. (2014) found that high lipid content was determined by three QTL on chromosomes 2, 3 and 6. Ying et al. (2012) identified 29 QTL on 10 chromosomes, several for seven fatty acids. Zhou and his colleagues (2021) conducted a genomic study of oil composition and concentration in different groups of 533 cultivated rice varieties and identified 99 QTL, 94 of which were associated with oil composition and five of them with oil concentration. These QTLs will allow developing pyramids of favorable alleles to improve rice quality using marker-assisted breeding.