播种时间对新玉米杂交种产量的影响

Kh.Sh. Tarchokov, O. K. Mataeva, F. K. Bzhinaev, N. V. Berbekova
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摘要

本研究之所以具有现实意义,是因为俄罗斯南部的全球变暖大大提前了高温期的到来,尤其是在高风险农业地区。在以前科学推荐的最佳时间播种已不能保证玉米的稳定产量。有鉴于此,本研究的目的是确定我们自己培育的有前途的新玉米杂交种的播种时间对卡巴尔达-巴尔卡尔草原地区的生产力和产量结构要素的影响。该研究于 2019-2021 年在俄罗斯科学院卡巴尔达-巴尔卡尔农业研究所研究和生产基地的田间试验中进行。总体而言,研究期间的气候条件是典型的巴尔干半岛草原地区气候条件。因此,玉米杂交种的最佳播种时间被确定为 4 月下旬。在这个时间播种,可以提高产量,增加产量要素的价值。相反,在第三个10月播种,所有研究样本的这些指标值都有所下降。在第二个播种期,晚熟杂交种 "Karat SV"、"Terek "和杂交种 "Kabardinskaya 3812 "的产量下降幅度最大,分别为 1.4 吨/公顷、1.5 吨/公顷和 1.8 吨/公顷。中早熟杂交种 "Maisky 260 MV "的降幅较小,为 0.7 吨/公顷。在第一播种期,每百株穗数增加了 4-11 个。第二播种期的穗粒度更好,多出 5-60 粒。第一播种期的单穗平均重量为 105-120 克,比第二播种期的相同指标多 9-22 克。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The effect of sowing time on productivity of new maize hybrids
The relevance of the current study is due to the fact that global warming in the south of Russia has significantly moved forward the onset of the hot period, especially in areas of risky farming. Sowing at the previously recommended scientifically based optimal time no longer guarantees stable yields of maize. Based on this, the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the sowing time of new promising maize hybrids of our own breeding on productivity and yield structure elements in the steppe part of Kabardino-Balkaria. The study was carried out in field trials on the field of the research and production site of the Institute of Agriculture of the KBRC of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2019–2021. In general, during the years of study, weather conditions were typical for the steppe area of the KBR. As a result, there was determined that the optimal sowing time for maize hybrids was the second decade of April. When sowing at this time, there was identified productivity improvement and an increase in the values of yield elements. On the contrary, sowing in the third decade has shown a decrease in the values of these indicators in all studied samples. During the second sowing period, there was the greatest productivity decrease among the late-maturing hybrids ‘Karat SV’, ‘Terek’ and the hybrid population ‘Kabardinskaya 3812’ by 1.4; 1.5 and 1.8 t/ha, respectively. The middle-early hybrid ‘Maisky 260 MV’ has shown a smaller decrease by 0.7 t/ha. During the first sowing period, number of ears per 100 plants increased by 4–11 pieces. The ears were better grained with 5–60 pieces of the excess over the second period. The weight of one cob during the first sowing period ranged 105–120 g on average, which was 9–22 g more than the same indicator during the second sowing period.
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