Different Mangrove Rehabilitation Statuses Effects to Benthic Bacterial Structure Community in the Northern Area of Java Island

The study proposed identifying the changes in bacterial community and diversity and exploring the potential correlations among sediment parameters and benthic bacterial communities under different mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation statuses. Three sites were investigated, 1. Kampung Blekok (KB) as the long rehabilitation period site; 2. Banyuurip Mangrove Center (BMC) as the short rehabilitation period site; 3. Pulau Lusi (PL) as the reclamation site. The physicochemical parameters and benthic bacteria from the mangrove sediment of the three locations were observed. The data were analyzed statistically to determine the sites' variation and the correlation between parameters. The results found that the physicochemical parameters among restoration sites varied. Soil organic matter (SOM) in long and short-rehabilitation period sites was more than 1.5-fold higher than those in the reclamation site. Cation exchange capacity (CEC), calcium and potassium ions, and soil conductivity of the restoration site have higher values and can reach more than 1.3 fold compared to the other sites. According to diversity indices and taxa richness, benthic bacteria in the restoration were the most diverse. Proteobacteria dominated in natural and restoration sites; meanwhile, Firmicutes dominated in the reclamation site. Sulfurovum aggregans were found abundant in the long and short rehabilitation sites; meanwhile, Mesobacillus subterraneus was the dominant species in the reclamation site. Furthermore, the bacterial taxa richness was positively correlated with SOM and the bacterial diversity was correlated with CEC and conductivity.