大麻(Cannabis salvia L.)种植:化学肥料还是有机技术,综合评述

Nitrogen Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI:10.3390/nitrogen5030042
Fatemeh Ahmadi, Daniel Kallinger, August Starzinger, Maximilian Lackner
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摘要

大麻(Cannabis sativa L.)因其在环境、工业和医药领域的应用而闻名,本综述对其进行了严格评估,重点关注化学肥料和有机肥料对大麻种植的影响。随着大麻重新成为一种具有经济意义的作物,化学肥料和有机肥料方法的选择不仅对产量,而且对生产的质量和可持续性都起着至关重要的作用。本文探讨了大麻的植物学特征、最佳生长条件以及种植大麻的基本生化过程。文章提供了详细的比较分析,揭示了化学肥料虽然比有机肥料增产多达 20%,但可能会使大麻二酚等关键植物化学物质的浓度降低约 10%,从而突出了产量和产品质量之间的权衡。综述对两种类型肥料中的氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)进行了定量评估,指出钾对萜烯和大麻素的合成有显著影响,是对药用大麻和芳香大麻品种影响最大的元素。会上讨论了这些养分的最佳施用率和施用时机,重点是在开花阶段最大限度地提高效率,因为在这一阶段养分的吸收与大麻素的生产直接相关。此外,还讨论了与美国工业大麻市场相关的挑战,指出降低生产成本和改善加工基础设施对维持行业增长至关重要,特别是考虑到纤维和大麻二酚市场因加工瓶颈而扩张缓慢。审查得出结论,虽然化肥可能会带来直接的农艺效益,但过渡到有机做法对于长期的环境可持续性和市场可行性至关重要。大麻产业的未来虽然大有可为,但在很大程度上取决于基因工程、作物管理策略和监管框架的进步,这些都能更好地支持可持续种植实践。这种细致入微的方法对于大麻产业在全球市场上驾驭生产力、环境健康和经济可行性之间的复杂权衡至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Hemp (Cannabis salvia L.) Cultivation: Chemical Fertilizers or Organic Technologies, a Comprehensive Review
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), renowned for its applications in environmental, industrial, and medicinal fields, is critically evaluated in this comprehensive review focusing on the impacts of chemical and organic fertilizers on its cultivation. As hemp re-emerges as a crop of economic significance, the choice between chemical and organic fertilization methods plays a crucial role in determining not only yield but also the quality and sustainability of production. This article examines the botanical characteristics of hemp, optimal growth conditions, and the essential biochemical processes for its cultivation. A detailed comparative analysis is provided, revealing that chemical fertilizers, while increasing yield by up to 20% compared to organic options, may compromise the concentration of key phytochemicals such as cannabidiol by approximately 10%, highlighting a trade-off between yield and product quality. The review presents quantitative assessments of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) from both fertilizer types, noting that K significantly influences the synthesis of terpenes and cannabinoids, making it the most impactful element in the context of medicinal and aromatic hemp varieties. Optimal rates and timing of application for these nutrients are discussed, with a focus on maximizing efficiency during the flowering stage, where nutrient uptake directly correlates with cannabinoid production. Furthermore, the challenges associated with the U.S. industrial hemp market are addressed, noting that reducing production costs and improving processing infrastructure is essential for sustaining industry growth, especially given the slow expansion in fiber and cannabidiol markets due to processing bottlenecks. The review concludes that while chemical fertilizers may offer immediate agronomic benefits, transitioning towards organic practices is essential for long-term environmental sustainability and market viability. The future of the hemp industry, while promising, will depend heavily on advancements in genetic engineering, crop management strategies, and regulatory frameworks that better support sustainable cultivation practices. This nuanced approach is vital for the industry to navigate the complex trade-offs between productivity, environmental health, and economic viability in the global market.
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