利用近距离传感技术和氮平衡原理对夏玉米进行变量施肥

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Peng Zhou, Yazhou Ou, Wei Yang, Yixiang Gu, Yinuo Kong, Yangxin Zhu, Chengqian Jin, Shanshan Hao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

土壤是一种异质介质,在空间和时间维度上都表现出相当大的变异性。利用变速施肥(VRF)技术对田间变异进行适当管理,对于最大限度地提高作物投入产出比和资源利用率至关重要。建议在局部范围内实施变速施肥技术,以提高作物产量、降低投入成本并减少对周围环境的负面影响。本研究利用土壤全氮(STN)随行检测器检测试验田中的 STN 含量,评估了在夏玉米种植期间实施 VRF 在农艺学和环境方面的可行性。然后采用空间划分法将试验田划分为多个管理区。根据传感器检测到的 STN 确定每个区域的施肥量。对最终产量和经济效益的分析表明,采用 VRF 处理的地块平均夏玉米籽粒产量为每公顷 7275 千克,优于采用匀速施肥(URF)处理的地块,后者的产量为每公顷 6713 千克。通过单因素方差分析,两种施肥方法的产量 p 值分别为 6.406 × 10-15、5.202 × 10-15、2.497 × 10-15 和 3.199 × 10-15,表明两种施肥方法的产量差异明显。因此,平均增产率为 8.37%(公顷-1),毛利率为 153 美元(公顷-1)。采用 VRF 技术的地块,平均氮肥施用量为 627 公斤/公顷-1。相比之下,采用 URF 方法的地块的氮肥施用量为 750 千克/公顷。氮肥用量减少了 16.4%。因此,每公顷的生产成本降低了 37.5 美元,在减少施肥量的同时实现了增产。此外,在采用 VRF 方法的地块,尽管减少了氮的施用量,但 STN 仍然保持平衡。这一观察结果可以从对比实验中不同施肥处理的夏玉米籽粒产量差异中推断出来。未来的研究工作应优先解决特定的制约因素,纳入补充土壤数据,如磷、钾、有机质和其他相关变量,以推进和优化施肥方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Variable-Rate Fertilization for Summer Maize Using Combined Proximal Sensing Technology and the Nitrogen Balance Principle
Soil is a heterogeneous medium that exhibits considerable variability in both spatial and temporal dimensions. Proper management of field variability using variable-rate fertilization (VRF) techniques is essential to maximize crop input–output ratios and resource utilization. Implementing VRF technology on a localized scale is recommended to increase crop yield, decrease input costs, and reduce the negative impact on the surrounding environment. This study assessed the agronomic and environmental viability of implementing VRF during the cultivation of summer maize using an on-the-go detector of soil total nitrogen (STN) to detect STN content in the test fields. A spatial delineation approach was then applied to divide the experimental field into multiple management zones. The amount of fertilizer applied in each zone was determined based on the sensor-detected STN. The analysis of the final yield and economic benefits indicates that plots that adopted VRF treatments attained an average summer maize grain yield of 7275 kg ha−1, outperforming plots that employed uniform-rate fertilization (URF) treatments, which yielded 6713 kg ha−1. Through one-way ANOVA, the yield p values of the two fertilization methods were 6.406 × 10−15, 5.202 × 10−15, 2.497 × 10−15, and 3.199 × 10−15, respectively, indicating that the yield differences between the two fertilization methods were noticeable. This led to an average yield increase of 8.37% ha−1 and a gross profit margin of USD 153 ha−1. In plots in which VRF techniques are utilized, the average nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate is 627 kg ha−1. In contrast, in plots employing URF methods, the N fertilizer application rate is 750 kg ha−1. The use of N fertilizer was reduced by 16.4%. As a result, there is a reduction in production costs of USD 37.5 ha−1, achieving increased yield while decreasing the amount of applied fertilizer. Moreover, in plots where the VRF method was applied, STN was balanced despite the reduced N application. This observation can be deduced from the variance in summer maize grain yield through various fertilization treatments in a comparative experiment. Future research endeavors should prioritize the resolution of particular constraints by incorporating supplementary soil data, such as phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, and other pertinent variables, to advance and optimize fertilization methodologies.
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来源期刊
Agriculture
Agriculture Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Horticulture
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
4
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: The Agriculture (Poľnohospodárstvo) is a peer-reviewed international journal that publishes mainly original research papers. The journal examines various aspects of research and is devoted to the publication of papers dealing with the following subjects: plant nutrition, protection, breeding, genetics and biotechnology, quality of plant products, grassland, mountain agriculture and environment, soil science and conservation, mechanization and economics of plant production and other spheres of plant science. Journal is published 4 times per year.
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