无障碍和包容性城市的公共厕所:从轮椅使用者的角度看残疾、设计和维护问题

IF 3.5 Q3 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
P. Carnemolla, Katherine Mackinnon, Simon Darcy, Barbara Almond
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的 我们城市中的设计政策和法规会对残疾人的无障碍环境和社会参与产生重大影响。因此,可供轮椅使用的公共浴室是受到高度管制的空间,但人们对轮椅使用者如何使用浴室或轮椅使用者如何看待当前的设计标准却知之甚少。设计/方法/途径这项探索性研究采用了一种体现性方法,以调查电动和手动轮椅使用者对公共浴室使用和设计的看法。研究包括 12 个访谈,根据行动能力、残疾程度、支持水平、轮椅类型、排尿/排便习惯和导尿管使用情况,深入探讨参与者如何使用无障碍卫生间。研究结果对访谈中讨论的各个公共卫生间元素(布局、马桶、洗手和扶手)进行深入分析,揭示出安全、卫生、规划/避免以及隐私和尊严等主题。令人震惊的是,许多轮椅使用者在计划使用浴室时都花费了大量精力,或者完全避免使用公共浴室。人们强调,浴室的持续维护和定期清洁,虽然在法规标准中没有体现,但对轮椅使用者持续使用公共浴室的无障碍和安全至关重要。这表明,公共浴室的设计和维护对残障人士的健康、福祉、社区融入和社会参与都有影响。研究局限性/影响这项定性研究是探索性的,有助于为探索包括残障人士在内的不同社区成员如何体验公共空间提供越来越多的证据。迄今为止,有关轮椅使用者对公共浴室设计的体现性观点的调查还很少。实际意义研究结果有可能推动浴室设计法规的创新和包容性方法,其中包括操作和维护指导。社会意义该研究旨在为设计法规、标准制定以及设计师、建筑师、设施管理者、开发商和规划师的实践提供信息,确保公共空间的设计能够支持更无障碍、更具包容性和社会可持续发展的城市。原创性/价值虽然(许多国家)设计和建造供公众使用的轮椅无障碍浴室已有多年历史,但我们对轮椅使用者实际使用情况或轮椅使用者对当前设计标准的看法知之甚少。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Public toilets for accessible and inclusive cities: disability, design and maintenance from the perspective of wheelchair users
PurposeDesign policy and regulations within our cities can significantly impact the accessibility and social participation of people with disability. Whilst public, wheelchair-accessible bathrooms are highly regulated spaces for this reason, very little is known about how wheelchair users use them or what wheelchair users think of current design standards.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory inquiry adopts an embodied approach to investigate the perspectives of powered and manual wheelchair users on public bathroom usage and design. The study encompasses twelve interviews, delving into how participants utilise accessible bathrooms based on mobility, disability, support levels, wheelchair types, urinary/bowel regimes and catheter use.FindingsA thorough analysis of individual public bathroom elements (layout, toilet, handwashing and grab rails) discussed in the interviews reveals themes of safety, hygiene, planning/avoidance and privacy and dignity. Strikingly, many wheelchair users invest significant effort in planning for bathroom use or avoid public bathrooms altogether. The ongoing maintenance and regular cleaning of bathrooms, something not captured in regulatory standards, has been highlighted as something of critical importance to the ongoing accessibility and safety of public bathrooms for wheelchair users. This points to a relationship between the design and the maintenance of public bathrooms as influencers of health, well-being, community inclusion and the social participation of people with disability.Research limitations/implicationsThis qualitative research is exploratory and contributes to a growing body of evidence that explores how public spaces are experienced by diverse members of our communities, including people with disability. To date, there have been very few investigations into the embodied perspectives of wheelchair users about public bathroom design.Practical implicationsThe findings can potentially drive innovative and inclusive approaches to bathroom design regulations that include operational and maintenance guidance.Social implicationsThe research aims to inform design regulations, standards development and practices of designers, architects, facilities managers, developers and planners, ensuring public spaces are designed to support more accessible, inclusive and socially sustainable cities.Originality/valueWhilst wheelchair-accessible bathrooms have been designed and constructed for public use (in many countries) for many years, we know very little about how wheelchair users actually use them or what wheelchair users think of current design standards.
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来源期刊
Smart and Sustainable Built Environment
Smart and Sustainable Built Environment GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-
CiteScore
9.20
自引率
8.30%
发文量
53
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