覆盖作物对雨水灌溉山坡农业地表径流和地下流动的影响以及与水质的关系

Land Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI:10.3390/land13071103
V. D. Durán Zuazo, B. Cárceles Rodríguez, Simón Cuadros Tavira, Baltasar Gálvez Ruiz, I. García-Tejero
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在两个水文年中,对杏仁园和橄榄园中土壤被自生植物覆盖的山坡径流地块的地表径流和地下流动模式进行了监测。实验径流地块位于内华达山脉南侧(西班牙东南部,兰哈伦),海拔 580 米,面积 40 平方米(10 米×4 米)。采集并测量了不同土壤深度(0、5、10、25 和 50 厘米)的地表和地下排放物,并测定了溶解养分浓度(NO3-N、NH4-N、PO4-P 和 K)。研究结果表明,与地表径流相比,地表下流途径排出了大部分降雨水,而地表径流则受到植物覆盖的影响。降雨强度(I30)对地表径流的影响比对地下径流的影响更有意义。在整个监测期间,土壤深度为 0、5、10、25 和 50 厘米处的径流系数平均值分别为 0.04、0.11、0.14、0.17 和 0.18。地表下流动是氮和钾流失的主要途径之一,而磷则主要通过地表径流流失。此外,次表层流中 NO3-N、NH4-N 和 PO4-P 的浓度均高于标准水质的建议水平。地表下水流是溶解养分输送的主要途径,使这些养分更容易被树木根系吸收。因此,通过减少地表径流和鼓励地表植被覆盖以促进养分循环和缓冲降雨对土壤表层的影响,可以实现养分流失控制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cover Crop Effects on Surface Runoff and Subsurface Flow in Rainfed Hillslope Farming and Connections to Water Quality
Surface runoff and subsurface flow patterns were monitored in hillside runoff plots in almond and olive orchards with soils covered with spontaneous plants over two hydrological years. The experimental runoff plots were located on the south flank of the Sierra Nevada (Lanjarón, SE Spain) at 580 m a.s.l. with an area of 40 m2 (10 m × 4 m). The surface and subsurface discharge were collected and measured at different soil depths (0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cm), and the dissolved nutrient concentrations (NO3–N, NH4–N, PO4–P, and K) were determined. According to the findings, the subsurface flow pathways drained most of the rainfall water compared with surface runoff, which was affected by plant cover. The influence of rainfall intensity (I30) on surface runoff was more meaningful than that on subsurface flow. Throughout the monitoring period, the runoff coefficients at soil depths of 0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cm averaged 0.04, 0.11, 0.14, 0.17, and 0.18, respectively. Subsurface flow was one of the dominant pathways for N and K loss, whereas P loss mainly occurred via surface runoff. Moreover, the concentrations in subsurface flow were higher than the recommended level for standard water quality for NO3–N, NH4–N, and PO4–P. Subsurface flow was the main route of dissolved nutrient delivery, making these nutrients available to the root systems of trees, where nutrient uptake is more likely to occur. Thus, by lessening surface runoff and encouraging surface vegetation coverage to facilitate the recycling of nutrients and buffer the rainfall’s impact on the soil surface, nutrient loss control can be achieved.
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