UAV-Embedded Sensors and Deep Learning for Pathology Identification in Building Façades: A Review

The use of geotechnologies in the field of diagnostic engineering has become ever more present in the identification of pathological manifestations in buildings. The implementation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and embedded sensors has stimulated the search for new data processing and validation methods, considering the magnitude of the data collected during fieldwork and the absence of specific methodologies for each type of sensor. Regarding data processing, the use of deep learning techniques has become widespread, especially for the automation of processes that involve a great amount of data. However, just as with the increasing use of embedded sensors, deep learning necessitates the development of studies, particularly those focusing on neural networks that better represent the data to be analyzed. It also requires the enhancement of practices to be used in fieldwork, especially regarding data processing. In this context, the objective of this study is to review the existing literature on the use of embedded technologies in UAVs and deep learning for the identification and characterization of pathological manifestations present in building façades in order to develop a robust knowledge base that is capable of contributing to new investigations in this field of research.