THE EFFECT OF PROPER NUTRITION ON THE NORMALIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN CHILDREN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Treatment of children with diabetes should be aimed at achieving the main goal — normalization of metabolic shifts and restoration of energy potential. The main methods of diabetes treatment are: diet therapy, insulin therapy, physical activity. The success of treatment ensures the consistency of all types of therapy among themselves, which largely depends on the patient’s understanding of the nature of the disease and the ability to control its course. In insulin therapy, the leading importance is the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism, restoration of energy potential and imitation of the physiological profile of insulin secretion, which leads to the achievement of blood glucose values to near normal. Success in the treatment of diabetes provides consistency of all types of therapy among themselves, which largely depends on the patient’s understanding of the severity of the disease and its control. The need for continuous improvement of insulin therapy is dictated by the high frequency of microvascular complications characteristic of diabetes mellitus. Objective: to study the effect of proper nutrition on the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism in children with diabetes mellitus. Results: The understanding of diet in diabetes is reduced to the need to exclude or limit high-carbohydrate foods and meals. Thus, when assessing the structure of the actual diet of diabetic patients, a significant imbalance in the consumption of certain nutrients was found. Nutrition of patients was characterized by reduced consumption of carbohydrates, insufficient amount of dietary fiber and a number of vitamins, high consumption of fats, primarily saturated fats. In confirmation of this, studies by foreign scientists have shown that a sharp reduction in the diet of diabetic patients carbohydrates — the most important energy substrate always leads to an increase in the consumption of another source of energy — fats. It has been established that the processes of assimilation of carbohydrates depend on many factors, which ultimately determine the differences in the glycemic potential of different products; the role of insulin therapy with ultrashort drugs in the prevention of early complications of diabetes mellitus in children has been assessed. Conclusions: Despite the large number of studies available, the glycemic indexes of meals vary despite their similar sugar content of portions. Diabetes mellitus in children is a condition that contributes to an increase in the glycemic potential of foods and meals. A significant increase in the glycemic index in children with diabetes mellitus leads to a state of decompensation.