补充丙酸钙和精料水平的影响:高风险肉牛犊牛的生长性能、体脂储备和健康状况

A. Rivera-Villegas, O. Carrillo-Muro, D. Rodríguez-Cordero, P. Hernández-Briano, Oliver Yaotzin Sánchez-Barbosa, R. Lazalde-Cruz, B. I. Castro-Pérez, A. Plascencia
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究旨在考察每日补充丙酸钙(CaPr)(0 或 20 克/头)对饲喂不同(50%、60% 或 70%)精料(CON)水平日粮的高风险肉牛生长性能、日粮能量、体脂储备、血清代谢物和血液学反应的影响。此外,还进行了补充 CaPr 的成本/收入分析。48 头杂交公牛犊牛(体重为 152.8 ± 1.56 千克,月龄为 5.5 个月)参与了完全随机的实验设计,采用 2 × 3 的因子处理排列。犊牛被分配(每个处理 n = 8 头)到单个围栏(3.14 × 5.25 米),在 42 天内接受以下处理之一:在含有 50%、60% 或 70% CON 的日粮中不添加 CaPr(分别为 NoCaPr + 50、NoCaPr + 60、NoCaPr + 70),或在含有 50%、60% 或 70% CON 的日粮中每天添加 20 克/小牛的 CaPr(分别为 20CaPr + 50、20CaPr + 60、20CaPr + 70)。随着日粮中 CON 含量的增加,未添加 CaPr 的犊牛表现出干物质摄入量(DMI)下降,而添加 CaPr 的犊牛则表现出相反的效果(交互作用,p = 0.04)。在饲喂低CON日粮(50%)的犊牛中,添加CaPr的犊牛平均日增重(ADG,20.2%,p = 0.05)更高,DMI(2.2%,p = 0.03)更低,从而提高了ADG/DMI比率、日粮能量和能量保持率(24.6%、14.4%和18%,p < 0.05)。当犊牛摄入含 60% 或 70% CON 的日粮时,这些效果减弱,但臀部脂肪厚度增加了 14.2%(p = 0.04)。只有在未添加 CaPr 的犊牛中,日粮中 CON 含量从 50% 提高到 70% 会增加 ADG(21.2%),降低 DMI(2.2%),改善 ADG/DMI 比值(22.7%),但对日粮净能利用率没有影响。随着日粮中 CON 含量的增加,未添加 CaPr 的犊牛表现出淋巴细胞的增加,而添加 CaPr 的犊牛则表现出相反的效果(交互作用,p = 0.05)。补充 CaPr 会降低血清中的总蛋白(TP,p = 0.03)和白蛋白(ALB,p < 0.01)浓度,20CaPr + 50 的浓度更低。补充 CaPr 可降低(p = 0.01)总胆固醇(TCHO)水平。CaPr 和 CON 水平之间存在相互作用(p = 0.02),因为 CON 水平越高,TCHO 水平越低。葡萄糖随着 CON 水平的增加而降低(p = 0.02),但补充 CaPr 的犊牛的葡萄糖水平没有降低(p = 0.85)。NoCaPr + 50 和 NoCaPr + 70 会增加 ALB 浓度(p = 0.05)。γ-谷氨酰转移酶水平随着 CON 水平的增加而增加(p = 0.05),与 CaPr 的补充无关。比较日粮中相同 CON 水平下的收益,CaPr 处理的收益更高,当 CaPr 补充到 50% CON 水平时,收益差异最大(每头小牛多 29 美元)。总之,补充 CaPr 被证明是提高高风险肉牛生长性能和日粮能量的有效策略,可带来更高的经济收益。接受 CaPr 的组表现出更高的收益率,尤其是饲喂 CON 水平较低的日粮的犊牛。在本实验的条件下,当低CON日粮(50%)中添加CaPr时,反应最佳。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effects of Supplemental Calcium Propionate and Concentrate Level: Growth Performance, Body Fat Reserves, and Health of High-Risk Beef Calves
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of daily calcium propionate (CaPr) supplementation (0 or 20 g/calf) on growth performance, dietary energetics, body fat reserves, serum metabolites, and hematological responses in high-risk beef calves fed diets with varying (50, 60, or 70%) concentrate (CON) levels. In addition, a cost/income analysis of CaPr supplementation was carried out. Forty-eight crossbred bull calves (152.8 ± 1.56 kg body weight and 5.5 months of age) were involved in a fully randomized experimental design employing a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Calves were allocated (n = 8 per treatment) to individual pens (3.14 × 5.25 m) and were subjected to one of the following treatments during 42 d: No CaPr supplementation in diets containing 50, 60, or 70% CON (NoCaPr + 50, NoCaPr + 60, NoCaPr + 70, respectively) or daily CaPr supplementation dosed at 20 g/calf in diets containing 50, 60, or 70% CON (20CaPr + 50, 20CaPr + 60, 20CaPr + 70, respectively). Non-supplemented calves exhibited decreased dry matter intake (DMI) with increasing CON levels in their diets, while CaPr-supplemented calves displayed the opposite effect (interaction, p = 0.04). In calves fed a lower-CON diet (50%), those supplemented with CaPr showed greater average daily gain (ADG, 20.2%, p = 0.05) and lower DMI (2.2%, p = 0.03), resulting in improved ADG/DMI ratio, dietary energy, and energy retention (24.6, 14.4, and 18%, p < 0.05). These effects diminished when calves received diets with 60 or 70% CON but led to a 14.2% increase in rump fat thickness (p = 0.04). Only in non-supplemented CaPr calves, increasing the level of CON from 50 to 70% in the diet increased ADG (21.2%), decreased DMI (2.2%), and improved the ADG/DMI ratio (22.7%), with no impact on dietary net energy utilization. Non-supplemented calves exhibited an increase in lymphocytes as CON levels rose in their diets, whereas CaPr-supplemented calves showed the opposite effect (interaction, p = 0.05). Supplementation of CaPr decreased total protein (TP, p = 0.03) and albumin (ALB, p < 0.01) serum concentrations, with lower concentrations observed in 20CaPr + 50. CaPr supplementation reduced (p = 0.01) total cholesterol (TCHO) levels. An interaction between CaPr and CON level (p = 0.02) was observed since TCHO levels remained consistently low at higher CON levels. Glucose was decreased with increasing levels of CON (p = 0.02) but not (p = 0.85) for CaPr-supplemented calves. NoCaPr + 50 and NoCaPr + 70 increased (p = 0.05) ALB concentration. Gamma glutamyltransferase levels increased (p = 0.05) with increasing CON levels irrespective of CaPr supplementation. Comparing the profit within the same CON level in the diet, CaPr treatments yielded higher income, with the largest difference in profit observed when CaPr was supplemented at 50% CON level (USD 29 more/calf). In conclusion, CaPr supplementation proves to be an effective strategy for enhancing growth performance and dietary energy among high-risk beef calves, resulting in greater economic returns. The groups that received CaPr demonstrated superior profitability, particularly in calves fed diets with lower CON levels. Under the conditions in which this experiment was carried out, the optimal response occurred when the low-CON diet (50%) was supplemented with CaPr.
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