Analysis and Evaluation of Fault Propagation Behavior in Integrated Avionics Systems Considering Cascading Failures

As the synthesis, modularization, and integration of avionics systems increase, the interconnections between systems and equipment within subsystems become increasingly complex, posing risks to the safety and reliability of the integrated avionics system. To address the risk of fault propagation due to functional cascade failures in integrated avionics systems, this paper proposes a discrete dynamic fault propagation analysis method, which was applied to an all-electric braking system to assess its feasibility. First, the architectural features of the Distributed Integrated Modular Avionics system are summarized. Subsequently, the constructed system layer model is described, establishing the function–resource hierarchical architecture. Subsequently, the behavior of cascading failure propagation in discrete dynamic systems is analyzed by integrating the cascading failure analysis method from SAE ARP 4761A and considering the coupling characteristics between system properties and functions comprehensively. This approach facilitates the development of a cascading failure propagation model for DIMA based on discrete dynamic systems. Finally, by using the all-electric braking system under DIMA architecture as a case study, key Core Processing Modules and failure-prone functions are identified. The findings reveal that within this system, CPM2 and CPM6 are particularly susceptible to failure propagation, and the automatic brake function is notably vulnerable. Data show that the system’s failure rate escalates markedly after 2×104 h of operation. Performing maintenance before reaching this threshold can further mitigate risks. This practice aligns with current international aircraft maintenance time regulations. The method proposed in this paper can be applied early in the allocation of DIMA resources to enhance security and support DIMA design.