Exploring the Experiences of Informal Caregivers of HIV Positive Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women on Existing HIV Services in Fako Division, Southwest Region, Cameroon: A Qualitative Study

Purpose: Despite global efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), challenges persist, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Cameroon. This qualitative study explores the experiences of informal caregivers supporting HIV-positive pregnant and breastfeeding women in the PMTCT Option B+ program in Fako Division, South West Region, Cameroon. Materials and Methods: Employing a sequential qualitative research design, the study involved fifty-one informal caregivers in focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Thematic and interpretive phenomenological analysis, facilitated by Atlas.ti software, was utilized to explore caregiver challenges, coping mechanisms, and their impact on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) adherence and overall well-being. Findings: Caregivers face psychological, economic, and physical challenges, including emotional ambivalence, economic constraints, and fear of infection. The study highlights caregiver burnout and identifies coping mechanisms such as emotional control, integrating HIV/AIDS into daily life, spirituality, feelings of hope, and seeking support from family and society. Despite challenges, caregivers find reward in witnessing care recipients' progress. The research also reveals gender role shifts and the importance of open discussions about HIV/AIDS. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Recognizing the crucial role of informal caregivers in PMTCT, addressing their well-being is essential. Training caregivers can enhance adherence, supporting UNAIDS goals, and alleviating health system burdens. This emphasizes the importance of caregiver involvement in achieving global HIV targets by 2030.