Interferometers and Its Applications in Physics

Abstract: The interference phenomenon, which is usually brought about by the superimposition of electromagnetic waves, is employed by a collection of techniques collectively referred to as interferometry to gather data.[1] Interferometry is a helpful investigative tool in a number of fields, including astronomy, fibre optics, engineering metrology, optical metrology, oceanography, seismology, quantum mechanics, nuclear and particle physics, plasma physics, remote sensing, biomolecular interactions, surface profiling, microfluidics, mechanical stress/strain measurement, velocimetry, and optometry.[18]. Recently, they have even been able to identify almost undetectable gravitational wave motions [20]. Light interference has many real-world applications, particularly in the photonics and optics domains. Examples include holography, spectroscopy, laser interferometry, and optical coatings. It is also utilised in the areas of metrology, telecommunications, and microscopy [21].